Transport in the Early Modern Period II
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 20-05-18 13:26
View mindmap
- Transport in the Early Modern Period II
- Canals
- Modern canals were used from 1761 in Britain to transport coal around the country
- James Brindley built private canals which were considered a useful investment
- Brindley was hired by Duke of Bridgwater who wanted to enhance coal selling profits as he could transport it more cheaply and widely
- Brindley built first canal entirely independent of rivers
- Built approximately 300 miles of canals
- Ships
- J. R. Smith
- Ship owners had to be relatively wealthy individuals
- Davis supports
- even buying second-hand ship would be incredibly expensive due to it requiring greater maintenance
- Other costs came in form of hull, mast and internal fittings within ship to transport goods
- Additionally, the risk of accidents at sea could add to possible costs
- port charges and wages for the crew
- Davis supports
- Ship owners had to be relatively wealthy individuals
- English international trade began to rapidly expand due to formation of formalised trading companies
- Made it easier to:
- negotiate favourable trade deals for members
- Protect members within nations that were being trade with
- Protect property and trade rights from non-members
- set up joint stock ventures
- e.g. Virginia Company
- based both in London and Plymouth and used to trade with America
- Later played part in setting up New England colony
- Due to success of setup, some Companies became almost independent of countries that founded them in the first place
- Davis argues:
- Success can also be measured by fact ships grew bigger to carry more goods
- Power of East India Trading Company can be seen in how it set up trading posts
- e.g. Bantam (Indonesia in 1603) and India
- Company, originally on James I's orders, arranged commercial treat with the Mughal Emperor, Narraddin Salim Jahangir
- East India Trading Company exported tea, sugar and opium
- Initially tea was bought from China with silver but when traders could no longer afford to pay with silver, Chinese tea merchants were paid with opium instead from 1700 onwards
- Other raw materials it traded included jute and rubber
- Rubber did not arrive until late 1800s
- Introduction of raw materials (rubber, jute, etc.) in Britain has been described as essential in turning Britain into the economic powerhouse it was at the time
- Davis argues:
- e.g. Virginia Company
- Made it easier to:
- J. R. Smith
- Effects of improved transport
- Greater connections across country to travel
- In England, roads allowed much trade internally to go on
- especially between London and nearby home counties
- Use of canals also allowed raw materials, such as coal to be transported more cheaply and widely
- Enhanced London as centre of power
- Allowed greater trade connections around world to places such as India and America
- Saw trade companies form and become extremely powerful
- Canals
Comments
No comments have yet been made