TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
- Created by: Katy **
- Created on: 06-04-16 13:33
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- TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
- INTRACELLULAR FLUID
- tissue fluid = plasma minus plasma proteins
- capillaries for gas exchange
- thin
- permeable
- LARGE surface area
- slow blood flow
- arteriole end of capillary
- HIGHER hydrostatic pressure
- tissue fluid out
- small osmotic pressure
- tissue fluid out
- HIGHER hydrostatic pressure
- venule end of capilary
- HIGHER osmotic pressure
- water in
- small hydrostatic pressure
- water in
- HIGHER osmotic pressure
- Lymphatic System
- fluid returns to circulation by thoracic duct
- REQUIREMENTS
- medium to carry materials
- blood
- closed system of branched network vessels
- pump & valves to maintain blood flow
- respiratory pigment for oxygen transport
- haemoglobin
- medium to carry materials
- SINGLE & DOUBLE CIRCULATION (CLOSED)
- Single
- fish
- Single Circulation Systems
- Double
- human
- Double Circulatory System
- Single
- OPEN & CLOSED SYSTEMS
- Open
- low blood pressure
- blood into haemocoel space of body cavitiy
- little control
- valves & walls contract to push blood
- Closed
- blood in vessels
- high blood pressure due to heart
- organs in tissue fluid
- earthworm
- 5 pseudohearts
- Open
- BLOOD
- red blood cells
- haemoglobin pigment (biconcave & no nucleus)
- plasma
- transport carbon dioxide, hormones & heat
- white blood cells
- granulocytes/phagocytes
- engulf bacteria (granular cytoplasm & broken nuclei)
- agranulocytes
- antibiotics & antitoxins (clear cytoplasm & circular nuclei)
- granulocytes/phagocytes
- red blood cells
- STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF BLOOD VESSELS
- Artery
- blood away from heart
- thick muscle (high pressure) maintains blood flow
- arteriole vessels to thin walled capillaries (blood collects in venules)
- Veins
- low pressure & blood flow due to thinner walls
- semi-lunar valves prevent backflow
- Capilaries
- endothelium permeable to water
- small diameter & friction reduces blood flow
- LARGE cross-sectional area reduces blood flow
- low velocity enhances material exchange
- Structure & Function of Blood Vessels
- Artery
- CONTROL OF HEART
- myogenic = mucle fibres contract without nerve stimulation
- Control of the Heart
- THE CARDIAC CYCLE
- systole = contraction
- diastole = relaxation
- Cardiac Cycle
- TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN
- red blood cells pick up oxygen in lungs
- HIGH particial pressure in lungs, low pressure in tissues
- haemoblon binds with oxygen (oxyhaemoglobin)
- dissociate = loose oxygen (Bohr effect to left, less oxygen available)
- affinity = bind to oxygen (Bohr effect to right, more oxygen available)
- poorly oxygenated enviro. (uterus, high altitude, muddy)
- HIGH affinity for oxygen
- myoglobin
- HIGH Aaffinity for oxygen
- exercise
- HIGH dissociated for oxygen
- red blood cells pick up oxygen in lungs
- CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORT (CHLORIDE SHIFT)
- Carbon Dioxide Transport (Chloride Shift)
- INTRACELLULAR FLUID
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