Transport In Animals
- Created by: beth-marie2511
- Created on: 02-04-16 14:22
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- Transport In Animals
- Transport Systems
- Common Features
- Suitable medium where materials are transported.
- E.G. Blood
- Blood vessels
- Closed systems
- A Pump
- E.G. Heart
- Valves in blood vessels.
- Prevents backflow.
- Respiratory pigment
- E.G. Haemoglobin
- Suitable medium where materials are transported.
- Open Transport Systems
- Transport Medium = Haemolymph
- Haemolymph is pumped out at low pressure from one, long, dorsal - shaped heart.
- Haemolymph directly bathes the tissues and the exchange of materials takes place.
- E.G. Glucose goes into cells and urea comes out.
- Haemolymph slowly returns to the heart by the abdomen and thorax contracting to push the liquid along.
- Body cavity fills out with haemolymph .
- This is haemocoele.
- Insects do not transport oxygen.
- E.G. Insects
- Closed Transport Systems
- Transport medium = Blood
- Blood is transported along dorsal and ventral vessels.
- These are connected to 5 pseudohearts.
- Blood is transported under high pressure at a rapid speed.
- Blood transports oxygen to tissues.
- E.G. Earth Worm
- Single Closed System
- E.G. Fish
- Blood passes through the heart once on one complete circuit of the body.
- Heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the gills.
- Oxygenated blood is then carried to the tissues.
- Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart from the tissues.
- Oxygenated blood is then carried to the tissues.
- Double Closed System
- Blood passes through the heart twice on one complete circuit of the body.
- Pulmonary Circulation
- The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart.
- The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- Systemic Circulation
- The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the tissues.
- Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart.
- Double is more efficient than single circulation (in fish) because oxygenated blood can be pumped around the body at a higher pressure.
- Pulmonary Circulation
- Blood passes through the heart twice on one complete circuit of the body.
- Common Features
- Blood Vessels
- Structures
- In both veins and arteries the inner layer is called the endothelium.
- It is one cell thick.
- Function: provides a smooth lining to reduce friction.
- Minimises blood flow resistance (enables blood to flow more freely).
- Middle Layer = Tunica Media
- Made up of elastic fibres and smooth muscle.
- Function: creates pressure.
- Especially in the artery.
- Outer Layer = Tunica Externa
- Made up of collagen fibres.
- Function: prevents over-stretching of the artery and veins.
- Capillaries
- Contain only endothelium.
- Arterioles
- Adjust diameter to adjust blood supply.
- In both veins and arteries the inner layer is called the endothelium.
- Comparisons
- Veins
- Thin wall
- Little muscle
- Creates low blood pressure
- Little muscle
- Large lumen
- Large volumes off blood flow back to the heart.
- Carry blood TO the heart.
- Semi Lunar valves
- Prevent the back flow of blood.
- Thin wall
- Arteries
- Carry blood AWAY from the heart
- Thick muscular walls
- Creates high blood pressure
- Can resist pressure.
- Creates high blood pressure
- E.G. Aorta
- Needs to cope with a lot of pressure because of the heart pumping.
- Capillaries
- Thin wall
- Endothelium is one cell thick.
- For the exchange of materials from the blood to the cells and vice versa.
- Small Diameter
- Short distance for substances to travel.
- Large cross-sectional area
- Reduces blood flow.
- Therefore allows exchange with surrounding tissue fluid.
- Reduces blood flow.
- Thin wall
- Veins
- Structures
- Transport Systems
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