Bandura - Transmission of Aggression (1961)
- Created by: Megan_J_H
- Created on: 22-05-17 22:00
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- Transmission of Aggression - Bandura et al (1961)
- Aim
- To investigate the transmission of aggression through social learning
- Background
- Bandura, Hudson (1961) - Children will imitate behaviour demonstrated by an adult model if the model remains present.
- Little was known about how the children would act when the model wasn't present.
- Bandura (1961, 1963) showed how a child's aggressive tendencies can be strengthened through reinforcement
- Social Learning Theory
- Children learn through observing adults models then imitating the behaviour
- Bandura, Hudson (1961) - Children will imitate behaviour demonstrated by an adult model if the model remains present.
- Method / Design
- Laboratory Exoeriement
- Sample
- 72 Children
- 36 Boys, 36 Girls
- From Stanford University Nursery School
- Age 3 - 5 3/4
- Mean age: 4 1/3
- Opportunity Sampling
- 72 Children
- Procedure
- Phase 1: Modelling the Behvaiour
- 20 minutes
- Children were individual brought into a room
- They observed either an aggressive or non-aggressive model
- Aggressive Model
- Began assembling a tinker toy set then after a minute they turned to the Bobo doll.
- They were physically and verbally aggresive
- e.g. "sock it on the nose"
- Shooting it with a toy gun.
- Hitting it with a toy mallet
- e.g. "sock it on the nose"
- They were physically and verbally aggresive
- Began assembling a tinker toy set then after a minute they turned to the Bobo doll.
- Non- Aggressive Model
- Non- Aggressive Model
- Ignoredd the Bobo Doll
- Non- Aggressive Model
- Control Group did not participate.
- Aggressive Model
- They observed either an aggressive or non-aggressive model
- Phase 2: Aggressive Arousal
- 2 minutes
- Children were taken individually into a different playroom
- There were allowed to play with the new, attractive toys
- After 2 minutes the toys were taken away and the experiemter infromed the child that they were for other children.
- There were allowed to play with the new, attractive toys
- Phase 3: Testing for Delayed Imitation
- 20 minutes
- Children were individually taken into a 3rd room
- Containing both aggressive and non-aggresive toys
- e.g. Bobo doll, mallet, tea set and dolls
- Containing both aggressive and non-aggresive toys
- They were observed through a one way mirror
- Behaviour was recorded using time sampling
- Observers were unaware of the child's original condition to avoid bias.
- Behaviour categories
- Imitative Aggression
- Partially imitative aggression
- Non-imitative aggression
- Non-aggressive behaviour
- Behaviour was recorded using time sampling
- Phase 1: Modelling the Behvaiour
- Results
- Children in the aggressive condition showed significantly more imitation of physical and verbal aggression
- Children in the non-aggressive condition showed very little aggression; wasn't always significantly less than the control group.
- Boys imitated male models more than girls for physical and verbal aggression as well as gun play.
- Girls imitated female models more than boys for verbal imitative aggression and non imitative aggression
- Not significant
- Male models had greater influence than female models
- Overall boys produced more imitative physical aggression than girls.
- Concludsion
- Children will imitate aggressive / non-aggressive behaviour even if the model isn't present
- Children learn behaviour through observation and imitation
- Behaviour modeled by male models has more influence on children.
- Boys and girls are likely to learn verbal aggression from a same sex adult
- Boys and girls are likely to learn highly masculine behaviour from a male adult.
- Variables & Hypothesis
- IV
- Observing an aggressive or non-aggressive model
- Gender of the model
- Gender of the child
- DV
- The amount of imitative and non-imitative aggression shown in phase 3
- IV
- Aim
- Behaviour was recorded using time sampling
- Observers were unaware of the child's original condition to avoid bias.
- Behaviour categories
- Imitative Aggression
- Partially imitative aggression
- Non-imitative aggression
- Non-aggressive behaviour
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