Transformation of surgery 2,3,4,5
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- Created on: 15-03-15 17:45
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- Transformation of surgery 2,3,4,5
- Ether
- 1846 - American surgeon John Warren used it to remove a tumor
- Robert Liston read about it and used to amputate man's leg
- Chloroform
- Ether wasn't ideal because it was unstable in air and irritated the patient's lungs
- 1847 - James Simpson and colleagues inhaled chloroform.
- Simpson used it to ease women's labour pains when giving birth
- Opposition - argued it was untested
- Religious opposition - argue its against God's will
- Queen Victoria was given chloroform during birth of her 8th child in 1857
- Further developments
- In 1880s surgeons could use local anaesthetic
- Helmuth Wesse discovered new anaesthetics and a way of injecting them into the bloodstream
- 1940s curare discovered, this was a relaxant
- First Antiseptic - Carbolic Acid
- Ignaz Semmelweiss made doctors and medical students wash hands in calcium chloride
- Before Germ Theory so couldn't prove why it worked
- 1861 Joseph Lister read about Pasteur's work on Germ Theory
- Carlisle Town Council used it to treat sewage
- 1867 - Carbolic acid spray
- Opposition
- Many surgeons opposed. It slowed them down
- Aseptic Surgery
- 1878 Robert Koch proved Lister's method were essential to surgery
- Discovered bacterium caused blood poisoning
- 1894 William Halstead wore sterilised rubber gloves
- Severe limits to the operations that was due to blood loss problem which hadn't been solved by 19th Century
- Ether
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