Trait theory

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Trait Theories
- Myers-Briggs inventory (1962)- 16 types
  - Mix of extrovert/introvert, thinker/feeler, judger/perceiver and sensor/intuitive
- 1. Eysenck's personality theory (1952 on)
  - found answers linked naturally with each other
  - hierarchical structure
  - between unstable, extraverted, stable and introverted
  - later added psychoticism
- 2. Paul Costa Jr. & Robert McCrae
  - the Five Factor Model (OCEAN)
    - Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
  - Later developed the NEO PI, then NEO PI-R
    - Neuroticism,extraversion, openness,agreeableness, conscientiousness
- 3. Lewis Goldberg
  - 'Big Five'
    - can be different from language to language, culture to culture (Emic approach)
    - For English: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Intellect (instead of openness!)
  - His hypothesis
    - Seeks universal dimensions
- Over all
  - 3 factors being found repeatedly
    - Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness
'Big Five'
- can be different from language to language, culture to culture (Emic approach)
- For English: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Intellect (instead of openness!)

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