iNTERNAL FACTORS
- Created by: chinwe
- Created on: 14-04-15 19:39
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- Topic 2- Class differences in achievement (2) Internal Factors
- Labelling
- Labelling in secondary schools
- Howard Becker(1971) carried out a study of labelling- Based on interviews with 60 Chicago high school teachers, he found that they judged pupils according to how closely they fit the image of the 'ideal pupil'.
- Labelling in primary schools
- Ray rist's(1970) did a study of an American kindergartens show
- He found that the teacher used information about the childrens home background and appearance to place them into separate groups
- Those who were fast learners, who she labelled the 'Tigers' , tended to be middle-class and had a neat appearance.
- She seated these pupils nearest to her and gave them greatest encouragement
- The other groups who she labelled the 'cardinals' and 'clowns' were seated furthest away. These groups were more likely to be working-class
- Those who were fast learners, who she labelled the 'Tigers' , tended to be middle-class and had a neat appearance.
- He found that the teacher used information about the childrens home background and appearance to place them into separate groups
- Ray rist's(1970) did a study of an American kindergartens show
- High and low status knowledge
- Nell Keddie(1971) found both pupils and knowledge can be labeeled as high or low status
- The comprehensive classes observed were streamed by ability
- Keddie found that when teachers taught the 'A stream' they gave them abstract theoretical, high status knowledge
- The less able 'C stream'pupils were given descriptive, commonsense, low status knowledge
- Nell Keddie(1971) found both pupils and knowledge can be labeeled as high or low status
- Labelling in secondary schools
- The self fulfilling prophecy
- A self fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it having been made
- STEP 1- The teacher labels the pupil. STEP 2- The teacher acts accordingly STEP 3- The pupil internalises the teachers expectations
- Teachers expectations
- Rosenthal and Jacobson(1968)
- Streaming and the self-fulfilling prophecy
- A self fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it having been made
- Pupil subcultures
- A pupil culture is a group of pupils who share similar values and behaviour patterns
- Pupil subculture often emerge as a response to the way pupils have been labelled, and as a reaction to streaming
- The Pro-school subculture
- Anti-school subculture
- Abolishing streaming
- The variety of pupil responses
- The limitation of labelling theory
- A pupil culture is a group of pupils who share similar values and behaviour patterns
- Marketisation
- Labelling
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