Topic 8: Globalisation, Green Crime, Human Rights and State Control
- Created by: Lilly_B
- Created on: 19-06-17 10:30
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- Topic 8: Globalisation, Green Crime, Human Rights and State Control
- Green crime
- 'Global risk society' + the environment
- Beck: modern society and advanced technology = 'manufactured risks' e.g. global warning and greenhouse gas emmisons
- Green criminology
- Traditional crimonology: only concerned with national and international laws
- Radical approach concerned with harm - crime is harm caused even if not illegal = 'transgressive criminology' or zeminology. Laws are controlled by bourogisise and untrustworthy
- Two views of harm
- White: Anthropocentric (human-centered) view vs ecocentric view
- Types of green crime
- Primary green crime: air pollution, deforestation, species decline and animal abuse, and water pollution
- Secondary green crime: state violence against oppositional groups, hazardous waste and environmental discrimination
- 'Global risk society' + the environment
- Crime and globalisation
- The global criminal economy
- Arms trafficking, traficking nuclear materials, smuggling illegal immigrants, trafficking of women, sex tourism, body parts trafficking, cyber-crime, green crime, terrorism, traficking cultural artifacts, money laundering, and drugs trade
- Suppy from 3rd world and demand from 1st world - e.g. 20% of colombian population relys on cocaine bussiness for economy
- Global risk consciousness
- Globalisation = intensified fear of uncertancy e.g. immigration fears perpetulated by media = stronger border control laws and literal barriers
- Globalisation, capitalism and crime
- Taylor: globalisation perpetulates crime through sweatshops, low-wages, job insecurity and unemployment - governments have little control over own economies
- Rothe: World bank imposes 'structual ajustment programmes' on developing countries with loans - have to cut funding on health and education
- Patterns of criminal organisations
- Hobbs and Dunningham: glocal organisations: sell drugs locally but have global connections through smuggling
- Glenny: McMafia - Russian gand emerging after fall of communism which left markets comletely deregulated. Mafia Weren't tied to families like Italian mafia and purley economic, and protected companies investing into cheap products
- The global criminal economy
- State crime
- Defining state crimes
- Domestic law
- Chambliss: state crime defined by the domestic law
- Social harms/ zeminology
- Michalowski - not just state crimes, but legally permissable acts which consequences are similar to those of illegal acts - zeminology
- Labelling/ societal reaction
- Whether an act constitues as a crime depends on whether the social auidence for that act defines it as a crime
- International law
- Laws created through treaties and agreements between states - e.g. Geneva convention on war crimes - e.g. Japan whale killing bribes
- Human rights
- Distinction between natural rights and civil rights
- Risse: Transgressive and almost all countries care about human rights - social norn and otherwise shamed
- Domestic law
- Case studies of state crime
- War crimes
- Illegal wars and crimes committed during wars - e.g. torture, Iraq war, and Hiroshima/Nagasaki
- Rwanda genocide
- Rwana was a Belgium colony - used minority Tutsi to rule over Hutu majority - gained independance and civil war broke out. government anti-Tutsi propaganda led to the genocide of 800,000 Tutsi's
- Types of state crime
- Mclaughlin: political crimes, crimes by security and police forces, economic crimes, and social/cultural crimes
- State-coperate crimes
- The challenger space shuttle disaster: US government negligence and cost-cutting killed 7 austronauts 73 seconds after blastoff
- 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil rig disaster
- War crimes
- Explaining state crime
- The authoritarian personality
- Aldorno: willingness to obey orders from superior powers without questions - e.g. nazi's in WW2 Germany
- Crimes of obedience
- Suscribing to state laws whilst breaking others thorugh socialisation of propaganda: authorisation, routinisation and dehumanisation
- Modernity
- Bauman: Holocausts possible through: division of labour, bureaucratisiation, science/ technlogy and instrumental rationality
- Culture of denial
- Techniques of neaturalisation, denial of victim, denial of responsibility, condemning the condemners, appeal to higher loyalty
- The authoritarian personality
- Defining state crimes
- Green crime
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