Biology: Topic 5
- Created by: lollipop111
- Created on: 09-12-15 18:19
View mindmap
- Topic 5: On The Wild Side
- Photosynthesis
- Light Dependent Reaction
- Chloroplast
- Granum
- Stacked Thylakoid Membranes
- Large Surface Area
- Photosystems
- Electron Carrier Molecules
- Electron Transport Chain
- Stacked Thylakoid Membranes
- Pigment
- Chlorophyll
- Absorbs Light Energy
- Electrons Excited
- Electron Carrier Molecules
- Electron Transport Chain
- Electron Carrier Molecules
- Photolysis
- Splitting of a water molecule using light energy
- Electrons Excited
- Photosystem 1 Photosystem 2
- Absorbs Light Energy
- Chlorophyll
- Stroma
- Contains all the enzymes needed for photolysis
- Granum
- Products
- ATP
- Adenosine Triphosphate
- Photophosphorylation
- ADP + Pi -> ATP
- NADPH
- ATP
- Chloroplast
- Light Independent Reaction
- Calvin Cycle
- 5 Carbon Compound (Ribulose Bisphospate)
- 6 Carbon Compound - very unstable
- 2 x 3 Carbon Compound (Glycerate 3-Phosphate) GP
- 2 x 3 Carbon Compound (Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate) GALP
- 5 Carbon Compound (Ribulose Bisphospate)
- 6 Carbon Compound - very unstable
- 2 x 3 Carbon Compound (Glycerate 3-Phosphate) GP
- 2 x 3 Carbon Compound (Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate) GALP
- 2/12 GALPs form a Hexose Sugars - e.g. Glucose
- What is the glucose used for?
- Respiration
- Energy
- Cellulose
- Cell wall
- Beta glucose
- Alternately flipped
- 1,4 Glycosdic bonds
- Condensation reactions
- Microfibrils
- + phosphates and nitrates from the soil -> nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
- + nitrates and sulphur from the soil -> amino acids
- Proteins
- Enzymes
- Activation energy / enthalpy
- globular proteins
- Specific active site
- Induced fit model
- Lock and key model
- membrane proteins
- primary structure
- Sequence of amino acids
- Secondary Structure
- Alpha helices
- Beta pleated sheets
- Folding
- Tertiary structure
- Further folding
- Enzymes
- Proteins
- Respiration
- What is the glucose used for?
- The GP is reduced - this reaction uses the NADPH from the light dependent reaction
- This reaction uses the ATP from the light dependent reaction
- 2/12 GALPs form a Hexose Sugars - e.g. Glucose
- 2 x 3 Carbon Compound (Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate) GALP
- Enzyme (RuBISCO) and Carbon Dioxide
- 2 x 3 Carbon Compound (Glycerate 3-Phosphate) GP
- 10/12 GALPs are used to regenerate Ribulose Bisphosphate
- 6 Carbon Compound - very unstable
- 2/12 GALPs form a Hexose Sugars - e.g. Glucose
- What is the glucose used for?
- Respiration
- Energy
- Cellulose
- Cell wall
- Beta glucose
- Alternately flipped
- 1,4 Glycosdic bonds
- Condensation reactions
- Microfibrils
- + phosphates and nitrates from the soil -> nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
- + nitrates and sulphur from the soil -> amino acids
- Proteins
- Enzymes
- Activation energy / enthalpy
- globular proteins
- Specific active site
- Induced fit model
- Lock and key model
- membrane proteins
- primary structure
- Sequence of amino acids
- Secondary Structure
- Alpha helices
- Beta pleated sheets
- Folding
- Tertiary structure
- Further folding
- Enzymes
- Proteins
- Respiration
- What is the glucose used for?
- The GP is reduced - this reaction uses the NADPH from the light dependent reaction
- This reaction uses the ATP from the light dependent reaction
- 5 Carbon Compound (Ribulose Bisphospate)
- 2 x 3 Carbon Compound (Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate) GALP
- Enzyme (RuBISCO) and Carbon Dioxide
- 2 x 3 Carbon Compound (Glycerate 3-Phosphate) GP
- 10/12 GALPs are used to regenerate Ribulose Bisphosphate
- 6 Carbon Compound - very unstable
- 5 Carbon Compound (Ribulose Bisphospate)
- Calvin Cycle
- Light Dependent Reaction
- Natural Selection
- There is variation within every species
- A change in environmental conditions
- An advantageous allele may arise within the population
- Random Mutations
- The individuals with this advantageous allele are more likely to survive
- They can pass on this advantageous allele to their offspring
- The allele frequency for the advantageous allele will increase
- This allele will be more common within the gene pool
- The allele frequency for the advantageous allele will increase
- They can pass on this advantageous allele to their offspring
- An advantageous allele may arise within the population
- A change in environmental conditions
- There is variation within every species
- The Carbon Cycle
- Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- Carbonate rocks
- Carbon in fossil fuels
- Carbon compounds in animals
- Dead organic matter
- Carbon compounds in plants
- Carbon compounds in animals
- Dead organic matter
- Carbon compounds in plants
- Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- Carbonate rocks
- Carbon in fossil fuels
- Carbon compounds in decomposers
- Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- Carbon compounds in decomposers
- Carbon compounds in plants
- Dead organic matter
- Carbon compounds in animals
- Carbon compounds in plants
- Dead organic matter
- Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- Climate Change
- Dendrochronology
- Study of tree rings
- Pollen in peat bogs
- Pollen is reserved in peat bogs
- Ice cores
- Trapped air can be analysed
- Temperature records
- Dendrochronology
- Speciation
- Natural Selection
- There is variation within every species
- A change in environmental conditions
- An advantageous allele may arise within the population
- Random Mutations
- The individuals with this advantageous allele are more likely to survive
- They can pass on this advantageous allele to their offspring
- The allele frequency for the advantageous allele will increase
- This allele will be more common within the gene pool
- The allele frequency for the advantageous allele will increase
- They can pass on this advantageous allele to their offspring
- An advantageous allele may arise within the population
- A change in environmental conditions
- There is variation within every species
- Isolation
- Reproductive isolation
- Postzygotic isolation
- Hybrid sterility
- Healthy individuals produced from the mating of two different species cannot themselves reproduce
- Hybrid inviability
- Individuals produced from the mating of two different species are not healthy and do not survive
- Hybrid sterility
- Prezyogtic isolations
- Reproductive isolation
- Temporal isolation
- Species exist in the same area but are active for reproduction at different times
- Habitat isolation
- Behavioural isolation
- populations do not respond to each other's reproductive displays
- Mechanical isolation
- The reproductive organs no longer fit together
- Natural Selection
- Succession
- Primary succession
- when an area devoid of life is first colonised by species (usually lichen or algae on bare rock)
- The species has to be able to deal with the harsh conditions
- Pioneer species
- They alter the environment in a way that makes it unsuitable for them, but suitable for a new species to establish
- The new species often replaces the pioneer species
- A similar process occurs many times, through stages know as seres, until a stable community is reached
- Climax community
- They alter the environment in a way that makes it unsuitable for them, but suitable for a new species to establish
- when an area devoid of life is first colonised by species (usually lichen or algae on bare rock)
- If succession starts with living things already present, e.g. if grazing is stopped in a meadow which then becomes a woodland, this is known as secondary succession
- Primary succession
- GPP and NPP
- GPP
- Gross primary productivity
- the rate at which energy is incorporated into organic molecules in the plants in photosynthesis
- Gross primary productivity
- NPP
- The rate at which energy is transferred into new plant biomass that can be eaten by herbivores or decomposers
- NPP = GPP - R
- GPP
- Gross primary productivity
- the rate at which energy is incorporated into organic molecules in the plants in photosynthesis
- Gross primary productivity
- GPP
- GPP
- Photosynthesis
- CALVIN CYCLE
Comments
Report