Topic 5: Fuels A
- Created by: lois.michels
- Created on: 25-03-16 10:49
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- Topic 5: Fuels A
- Crude Oil
- A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only.
- A crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons.
- The separation of crude oil into simpler, more useful mixtures uses fractional distillation.
- A heater boils crude oil and the vapur passes into a tower, and different fractions condense at different temperatures to form individual fractions.
- Gases are used in domestic heating and cooking.
- Petrol is used as fuel for cars.
- Kerosene is used as aircraft fuel.
- Diesel oil is used to fuel some cars and trains.
- Fuel oil fuels large ships and is used in power stations.
- Bitumen is used to surface roads and roofs.
- A heater boils crude oil and the vapur passes into a tower, and different fractions condense at different temperatures to form individual fractions.
- Hydrocarbons in different fractions differ from each other.
- Gases have the shortest carbon chains, bitumen has the most (up to 40 carbon atoms).
- Gases are easy to ignite, bitumen is hardest.
- Gases have low boiling points, bitumen has the highest.
- Gases are runny, bitumen is thick and sticky.
- Combustion
- The complete combustion of hydrocarbons involves oxidation of the hydrocarbons.
- This is because carbon dioxide is produced in the reaction.
- For example, lime water is used to test for carbon dioxide.
- When this is used to test for burning hydrocarbons, it shows carbon dioxide is present in the waste gases.
- For example, lime water is used to test for carbon dioxide.
- This is because carbon dioxide is produced in the reaction.
- The products of a complete combustion are always carbon dioxide and water - nothing else.
- The reaction is described as complete combustion if all the hydrocarbon is used up and the only products are carbon dioxide and water.
- To test for carbon dioxide, the test gas is bubbles through limewater, which will turn cloudy if carbon dioxide is present.
- The complete combustion of hydrocarbons involves oxidation of the hydrocarbons.
- Incomplete Combustion
- The incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon and carbon monoxide.
- This is because the hydrogen atoms form water but there is not enough oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
- Soot produced in appliances such as boilers can clog pipes carrying away waste gases.
- The incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon and carbon monoxide.
- Crude Oil
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