Topic 4: Realist Theories of Crime
- Created by: Lilly_B
- Created on: 17-06-17 20:15
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- Topic 4: Realist Theories of Crime
- Right Realism
- Causes of crime
- Biological differences
- Herrnstien: biological differencs make some people more strongly predisposed to commit crime then others
- Herrnstien and Murray: Main cause of crime is intellegence which is biologically determined
- Socialisation and the underclass
- Murray: crime caused by growing underclass - welfare state's 'generous revolution' lead to welfare dependancy, lone parent families, and inadequatly socialised children/undiciplined sons
- Rational choice theory
- Clarke: decision to commit crime is a rational, calculated choice
- Biological differences
- Tackling Crime
- Wilson and Kelling: 'Broken Window' theory
- Zero tolerance: clamp down on prostitution, drug use, and 'slipperly slope' petty crimes
- Criticisms:
- Ignores wider structual issues
- Over-estimates offenders' rationalism - doesn't explain non-utillitarian crime
- Zero tolerance just leads to displacement of crime to other areas
- Causes of crime
- Left Realism
- Taking crime seriously
- Marxists
- Agree's on importance of coperate crime, but argue that they neglect working-class crime and its effects
- Neo-Marxists
- Romanticises working-class criminal when crime is intra-class
- Labelling theorists
- Approach neglects the real victims - working-class people who suffer
- Marxists
- Causes of crime
- Relative deprivation
- Lea and Young: Media and advertisement raises expectations for materialism perpetulated by individualism
- Subculture
- Solution to relative deprivation - pentecostal churches and theodicy of disprivilage
- Marginalisation
- Groups lack clear goals and organisation - expression of frustration
- Relative deprivation
- Late modernity, exclusion and crime
- Young: Growing contrast between cultural inclusion and economic exclusion- line between acceptable and unacceptable blurred due to diverse society
- Tackling crime
- Policing and control
- Lea and Young: loss of support from poor/ethnic inorities = military policing and swarming/stop and search tactics
- Police should build bond with community/multi-agency approaches with victim support
- Structual causes
- Need to tackle inequality, job oppotunities, racial/sex discrimination, housing and fighting sterotypes
- Government policy
- Influencer of 1997-2010 New Labour 'tough on crime, tough on causes of crime' stance
- Firmer approach on hate crimes, sexual assult, domestic violence, ASBOs + 'New Labour's New Deal' = jobs for young youth
- Young = policies doomed attempt to recreate 'Golden Aage' - New Deal didn't not lead to secure jobs and ASBOs did not recreate sense of community - haven't tackled underlying causes
- Policing and control
- Taking crime seriously
- Right Realism
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