Topic 1
- Created by: LauraNannini
- Created on: 16-04-20 07:24
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- Topic 1
- Mass spectrometry
- 1. Heat and vaporize
- 2. Ionization to positive ions
- 3. Accelerated through an electromagnetic field
- 4. Seperated and deflected
- Atoms
- Proton
- Found in the nucleus
- Relative mass of 1
- +1 charge
- Neutrons
- Found in the nucleus
- Relative mass of 1
- Neutral charge
- Electrons
- Found in orbital
- 1/1840 relative mass
- -1 charge
- Relative isotopic mass
- The mass of 1 atom of an isotope compared to 1/12 of the mass of 1 atoms of carbon-12
- Relative atomic mass
- The average mass of one atom compared to 1/12 of the mass of 1 atom of carbon-12
- Proton
- Ionisation energy
- The energy required when 1 mole of gaseous atoms form 1 mole of gaseous ions with a single or more charge
- First ionisation energy
- X --> X? + e?
- Second ionisation energy
- X? --> X²? + e?
- Factors affecting ionisation energy
- 1. Attraction to the nucleus
- 2. The distance of electrons from the nucleus (atomic radii)
- 3. Sheilding of electrons in the inner shells
- Periodicity
- S block- group 1 & 2
- S subshell - spherical shape, holds up to 2 electrons
- P block- 3,4,5,6,7 & 8
- Dumbbell shaped- PX, PY, PZ orbitals in a P orbital each containing 2 electrons. the P orbital can have up to 6 electrons
- D block- transition metals
- Spin diagrams
- Electrons fill up the boxes one at a time until having to fit another one in
- Atomic radii decreases from left to right
- 1st ionisation energy increases from left to right
- More energy needed to melt Na, Mg and Al due to metallic bonds
- S block- group 1 & 2
- Mass spectrometry
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