topic 1 chemistry
- Created by: Chloesalisbury
- Created on: 04-01-18 09:30
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- topic 1
- atoms
- electrons have -1 charge
- electron move in orbitals
- most of the mass is concentrated in the nucleus
- where protons and neutrons are found
- electrons have -1 charge
- ions
- negative ions have more protons than electrons
- positive ions have fewer electrons than protons
- isotopes
- isotopes have the same number of protons but different amonts of neutrons
- same number and arrangement of electrons
- differnet physical properties
- relative mass
- relative molecular mass (Mr)
- used for simple molecules
- add up atomic values for all atoms in the molecule
- relative atomic mass
- weighted mean mass of an atom compared to C12
- can be worked out from isotpic abundances
- 1. multiply isotopic masses by % abundance, add up results
- 2. add up results
- 1. multiply isotopic masses by % abundance, add up results
- relative molecular mass (Mr)
- mass spectrometry
- what samples are made up of
- shows relative isotopic abundances on y-axis
- shows mass or charge on x axis
- isotpic mass X abundance add all together and divide by 100 for percentage abundance
- predicting mass spectra
- 1. covert % into a decimal
- 2, make a table showing all isotopes
- 3. addup abundances (if 2 isoptopes that are the same have been multipleid add the isoptopes together)
- 4. divide all abundances by the smallest abundance to get a ratio
- 3. addup abundances (if 2 isoptopes that are the same have been multipleid add the isoptopes together)
- 2, make a table showing all isotopes
- 1. covert % into a decimal
- electronic structure
- electrons move around the nuleus in quantumn shells
- shells further from the nucleus have more energy than those closer
- orbtials are the bit of space than electrons move in
- orbitals in the same subshell have the same amount of energy
- electrons in each orbitalspin in oposite directions -spin pairing
- orbitals in the same subshell have the same amount of energy
- spdf notation
- s-2electrons p-6electron d-10electrons f-14electrons
- fill lower energy levels first
- 4s has a lover energy than 3d
- fill lower energy levels first
- s-2electrons p-6electron d-10electrons f-14electrons
- electrons move around the nuleus in quantumn shells
- electrons
- at ground state electrons areat their lowest possible energy levels
- when atoms take in energy they move to a higher energy level, further from the nucleus
- ionisation energy
- the removal of one or more atoms from an atom or molecule
- 1st ionisation energy is the amount of energy needed to remove 1 electron from each mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous ions.
- atoms
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