Thermal Physics
- Created by: malikreehan
- Created on: 16-10-16 19:15
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- Thermal Physics
- Triple point - all three phases coexist in thermal equilibrium
- Thermal Equilibrium
- Zeroth Law
- Body A & body B are thermal equilibrium with body C, A & B must be thermal equilibrium
- hotter object transfers thermal energy to colder object, both have the same balanced temperature
- Zeroth Law
- One specific temperature and pressure
- Thermal Equilibrium
- SHC
- Energy required per unit mass to change the temperature by 1K or 1°C
- E = mc?Ø
- Energy transferred from heater to substance - E= IVt
- E = mc?Ø
- Specific Latent Heat L=E/m
- Energy require to change phase per unit mass at constant T
- 2. Specific latent heat of vaporisation (LIQUID TO GAS) E=mLv
- Energy required per unit mass to change the temperature by 1K or 1°C
- Density
- Spacing between the particles affects the density of a substance.
- Solids are generally most dense
- Spacing between the particles affects the density of a substance.
- Internal Energy
- T increases the internal energy of a substance, KE will increase, faster moving particles withing substance
- Sum of kinetic and potential energies of atoms or molecules within the substance
- Changing phase
- Solid to liquid
- Internal energy increases, KE and temperature does not change, potential energy increases as bonds are broken
- Once the substance has changed phase, T + KE increase
- Boiling or melting point
- While changing phase, energy transferred to the substance does not change its temperature
- Solid to liquid
- Brownian Motion
- Elastic collisions between water molecules and pollen grains caused the pollen grains to move haphazardly.
- Electrostatic Potential Energy
- Solid
- PE is lowest
- Electrostatic forces is very large negative value
- Liquid
- Electrostatic forces between particles has a negative value
- Negative value means energy is required to break bonds
- Electrostatic forces is very large negative value
- Negative value means energy is required to break bonds
- PE is higher
- Electrostatic forces between particles has a negative value
- Gas
- Zero as there is negligible electrical forces between particles
- PE is highest
- Solid
- Temperature
- Absolute zero
- Internal energy is at its minimum, KE is zero, internal energy not zero as substance still have electrostatic forces between particles
- Measured in kelvins, k
- T(K) = T(°C) + 273
- Absolute scale or thermodynamic scale
- Absolute zero
- Triple point - all three phases coexist in thermal equilibrium
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