AQA A2 Sociology- Theory- Marxism
- Created by: EmK123
- Created on: 07-06-16 12:05
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- Emergence of class divisions
- Overtime people produce more than we need so some people don't have to work as they are supported by the work of others = division of labour.
- People have material needs (food clothing etc) and to gain these we enter social relationships of production.
- Theory- Marxism
- Capitalism
- What makes this society different to the past?
- W/C not legally bound but must sell their labour- not paid the value of their labour = exploitation.
- Competition is in fewer hands = larger companies beat smaller businesses. It allows R/C to pay the lowest wages.
- Technology has deskilled the workforce justifying the low wages.
- What makes this society different to the past?
- Class Conscience
- Tensions between R/C and W/C would break under capitalism as this type of society sows the seeds of its own destruction.
- Under capitalism W/C go from being a class in itself (false class conscience) to a class for itself (develop class sconceince.)
- Ideology
- R/C se ideological tools to control the W/C
- Family: Socialise children to R/C values. It acts as a safety value by soaking up frustrations so its not aimed at capitalism.
- Ed: Promotes R/C values and pupils are taught to be passive and suubserviant to serve the needs of the economy.
- Religion= opiate- dulls the pain of oppression.
- R/C own the means of production as W/C are isolated and have no control over the production, and they are reduced to unskilled labour constantly repeating the same task = oppression.
- R/C se ideological tools to control the W/C
- Eval
- Over emphasises the extent of conflict- functionalists say society is stable and shared values are possible.
- Ignores other inequalities (gender and ethnicity)
- The superstructure and infrastructure is too simplistic
- Too deterministic- not everyone is passive and accepts what they are told without question.
- Postmodernists- this meta narrative isn't important and the main social dividsion now arise around individual choices.
- Neo-Marxism
- Gramsci
- Hegemony: dominance of R/C ideas and acceptance by the rest of society.
- Dominance of R/C = main reason why W/C haven't rebelled.
- Althusser
- 3 levels:
- Economic: consists of economy and the production of material goods
- Political level: consists of the government and organisations of repressive state apparatus (police, army courts etc.)
- Ideological level: consists of ideas, belkeufs, values and the ideological state apparatus.
- 3 levels:
- Eval:
- Relative autonomy: recognises that people's ideas can impact the economy not the other way round
- Marxist: argue marx did recognise the importance of ideas and meanings in his class consciousness discussions
- Gramsci
- Capitalism
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