Theories of education : interactionalism
- Created by: Jessica Speight
- Created on: 18-05-14 16:12
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- Theories of education: INTERACTIONALISM
- Teacher expectation
- HARGREAVES ET AL studied the way in which teachers classified new pupils.
- On appearance.Comformity of discipline. Ability. Likeability. Relationships with other children. Personality. Level of devience.
- 3 STAGES OF TYPING
- 2) ELABORATION: hypothesis may be refined
- 1) Teachers form a working hypothesis of what type of child each pupil is.
- 3) STABILISATION: actions of a pupil will be evaluated on terms of what type of pupil they are.
- BECKER: children from non-manual backgrounds were seen as the ideal student.Teachers had difficulty in dealing with working class children. Teachers labels become a master status
- HARGREAVES ET AL studied the way in which teachers classified new pupils.
- BALL'S study
- Examines the organisation of a comprehensive school. Pupils were put into 1 of 3 bands according to their information provided by primary schools.
- Ball found that for pupils of similar measured ability, those whos fathers were non-manual workers had the greatest chance of being place in a top band.
- Ball identified the following effects of banding
- 2) teachers had lower expectations of band 2 pupils
- 1) Behaviour of band 2 pupils deteriorated
- 3) They were directed towards practial subjects and lower level exams.
- Ball describes setting and streaming as social barabaris. Seperation of children may lead middle class parents to consider their children as better than working class.
- Ball identified the following effects of banding
- Ball found that for pupils of similar measured ability, those whos fathers were non-manual workers had the greatest chance of being place in a top band.
- Examines the organisation of a comprehensive school. Pupils were put into 1 of 3 bands according to their information provided by primary schools.
- Labelling & self-fufilling prophecy
- SELF FUFILLING PROPHECY THEORY argues that predictions made teachers will tend to come true.
- The teachers interaction with pupils will be informed by their labelling of pupils
- The teacher defines or labels pupils in a particular way
- Pupils mayb respond accordingly making the labal come true and the prophecy fufilled.
- ROSENTHAL & JACOBSON: selected a random sample of students. Told the teacher that their IQ would go up in a year. they tested and retested and there was great gains in IQ.
- R & J clim that the teachers expectations signifficantly effect their pupils performance. Teachers encouragement and positive feedback created a self fufilling prophecy
- CRITISISM: their study raises ethical concerns as they didnt know they were being experimented on.
- FULLER: Not all pupils will live up to their label. Black girl study; people expected them to fail because they were black and female but they worked hard to prove they were to be successful.
- SELF FUFILLING PROPHECY THEORY argues that predictions made teachers will tend to come true.
- Strengths
- 2) It shows that educational experiences are not just determined by home background and IQ
- 1) It is detailed on empirical evidence E.g primary data
- 3) WOODS claims that the interactionalist approach has practical applications. Could help schools improve.
- Weaknesses
- 2) Do no pay attention to other factors within schools such as class sizes.
- 1) Many interactionalists refer to class differences in education but fail to explain the origins of these differences.
- 3) Interactionalists fail to account for factors outside of school which may influence their schooling
- Teacher expectation
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