youth subcultural theories
- Created by: gbolton01
- Created on: 25-02-18 19:20
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- Theories of youth cultures
- Interactionalist
- Key words
- Labelling Theory
- a label is applied to an individual which influences this behaviour and how others respond to them
- example: police labelling black youths as criminals
- a label is applied to an individual which influences this behaviour and how others respond to them
- Self- fulfilling prophercy
- when an individual accepts the label they are given and acts accordingly
- Example: black youths start to act criminal due to the label put on them
- when an individual accepts the label they are given and acts accordingly
- Moral Panic
- a widespread fear that someone or something is a threat to the norms and values of society, that often creates deviant amplification by the media
- Labelling Theory
- Key thinkers
- Stan Cohen
- Exaggeration and distortion
- over reporting of mods and rockers at Brighton
- Distortion: is the vocabulary that is used to create distortion of the true events
- the use of the vocabulary like; '**** and distortion', 'riot', 'battle','attack','screaming mob'
- this creates a moral panic by the vocabulary which deviantly amplifies the behaviour
- the use of the vocabulary like; '**** and distortion', 'riot', 'battle','attack','screaming mob'
- Exaggeration: The media exaggerate the damage that has happened. Cohen says "disturbances are labeled as riots" this creates moral panic and leads to a self fulfilling prophecy as the youths are labelled negatively anyway
- Exaggeration and distortion
- Stan Cohen
- Key words
- Feminist
- Role of girls ignored in subcultures
- McRobbie and Garber
- argue that girls are in subcultures
- position of females in youth culture
- argue women are presented as marginalised, and in male dominated subcultures are ignored
- position of females in youth culture
- Bedroom culture- privatised culture for girls away from boys and their humiliation
- argue that girls are in subcultures
- McRobbie and Garber
- Reddington
- found women are present in PUNK subcultures. as there style is influenced by VIVIENNE WESTWOOD
- not widely known because of their lack of participation
- found women are present in PUNK subcultures. as there style is influenced by VIVIENNE WESTWOOD
- changing roles in female subcultures
- BLACKMAN
- New Wave Girls
- accessed them via a group of mod boys
- found they resisted passive femininity and resisted masculine and parental control
- characteristics:
- doc martins
- academically able
- oversized jumpers
- hang around in: pubs, clubs and parents' housses
- characteristics:
- found they resisted passive femininity and resisted masculine and parental control
- Criticisms Blackman
- qualitative
- subjective
- male researcher- wrong interpretations
- interviews
- responder bias, leading questions
- qualitative
- male feminist who carried out an ethnocentric study.
- accessed them via a group of mod boys
- New Wave Girls
- BLACKMAN
- Harris
- used the terms; 'Girl power' and 'Girls at risk'
- girl power: new version of femininity. power of girls
- spice girls. helped spread girl power
- girls at risk: set of morals &social consensus in relation to young women
- pregnancy, drug taking and involvement of crime
- girl power: new version of femininity. power of girls
- used the terms; 'Girl power' and 'Girls at risk'
- evaluation of feminist explanations
- developments (postmodernism)
- gender less significant. no clear distinctions of gender orientated subcultures
- Lincoln- redid bedroom culture and found boys are now allowed to be in bedrooms
- developments (postmodernism)
- Role of girls ignored in subcultures
- Post-Modernists
- fluidity and diversity of subcultures now
- Bennett
- studied Bangra Music and found that 2nd and 3rd generation Asians now have a fusion of bangra, Reggae and Rap
- Hybrid identities
- studied Bangra Music and found that 2nd and 3rd generation Asians now have a fusion of bangra, Reggae and Rap
- Polhemus
- The Supermarket of Style
- argues that youth styles are fluid and young people can choose from a range of different fashions, music tastes and identities
- Examples: teddy boys, 3 piece suits worn in the 30's and again now. hippies Jumpsuits worn in the 80's and now
- argues that youth styles are fluid and young people can choose from a range of different fashions, music tastes and identities
- The Supermarket of Style
- Thornton
- Incorporation and Subcultural capital
- looks at the role of the media influencing subcultures. found through media many elements of subcultures were incorporated into everyday fashion
- Example: Punk clothes sold in topshop became everyday fashion
- she suggests that media gain 'subcultural capital', buy owning the right things to gain status
- looks at the role of the media influencing subcultures. found through media many elements of subcultures were incorporated into everyday fashion
- Incorporation and Subcultural capital
- Neo-Tribes
- Maffesoli
- argues that the boundries between subcultures have now become blurred and neo- tribes are more prominant
- means a social grouping with less structure. organised around lifestyle themes and consumer choices
- neo-tribes based on a similar state of mind NOT social class
- Hetherington
- highlights the fact that youths have lots of choice in their cultural tastes and are not influenced solely by their social class. argues thats why neo-tribes youth better
- Maffesoli
- Evaluation of post-modernists explanations
- overstating of fluid groups- many people still belong to a group
- there is still resistance and inequality
- people still have to follow norms and values
- Interactionalist
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