PE- Theories of learning (psychology)

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  • Created by: Xyla_j
  • Created on: 06-12-17 18:17
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  • Theories of learning
    • Operant conditioning
      • Using reinforcement to ensure the correct responses are repeated
        • Positive= giving praise and saying what is good
        • Negative= Removing the criticism
      • BF Skinner
      • Connecting a specific stimulus to a required response
      • "Behaviour shaping"
      • Trial and error method of learning
        • Manipulating the environment means the same principle is applied
      • Video number 25
    • Observational learning
      • learning by watching and imitating others
        • Both positive and negative behaviour is learned
      • Bandura
      • Attention- the performer is watching the skill
        • The performer must be accurate
        • Clear instructions
      • Retention- the performers ability to remember and recall
        • Simple instructions, attractive
      • Motor reproduction- the mental and physical ability to perform the skill
        • Skill should be of an appropriate difficulty
      • Motivation
        • Ensure understanding of the key points
        • More motivated= More attention and practice, quicker learning
    • Social development theory
      • Interacting with others leads to constructive learning
        • Inter- psychological learning comes from a coach: advice, feedback and tactical input
      • Vygotsky
      • Zone of proximal development
        • Becoming aware of what you can do and apply social learning from others to what you cannot
        • What can you do alone?
        • What can you do with help?
        • What cant you do yet?
      • Social interactions promote learning and cognitive development
        • Especially with more knowledgeable others (MKOs)
          • Promote skill development
          • Other values: Effort, lifestyle choices and communications
          • Eg. teachers or coaches
      • Once you have the understanding of the skill, learning continues intrinsicly
        • " Intra- psychological"
    • Insight learning
      • Using experience and knowledge to solve problems relating to the future
      • Gastalt approach
        • Looking at the skill as a whole rather than in parts
      • You gain a better understanding when you perform in realistic situations
        • Learn to change your behaviour
          • This helps to develop decision making ad tatical knowledge
          • NOT trial and error
        • More effective than being told by a coach
      • The learner has to work it out for themselves- intrinsic motivation

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