Theories of Justice 4
- Created by: Alex.Byrne
- Created on: 25-05-18 17:06
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- Theories of Justice 4
- Jeremy Bentham- Utilitarianism
- 1784-1832
- Principles of pleasure and pain
- Choices made accordingly
- Concept of utility
- The greatest happiness for the greatest number
- Utilitarian Calculus:
- 3. Certainty
- 2. Duration
- 4. Remoteness
- 1. Intensity
- 5. Fecundity
- 6. Purity
- 7. Extent
- John Stewart Mill
- 1806-1873
- Close to Bentham
- Utilitarianism
- Pleasure and pain principles
- Aware of possible conflicts as "one of the strongest obstacles" to utilitarianism
- 5 Dimensions of Justice
- 1. Respecting others "legal rights" is considered just, while violating them is unjust
- 2. Respecting the "moral right" someone has to something is just,while violating it is unjust
- 3. It is considered just to give a person what "he deserves" and unjust to deny it
- 5. In some circumstances, it is deemed unjust "to be partial" in one's judgements and just to be impartial
- 4. It is thought unjust to "break faith" with another, while keeping faith with others is just
- Immanuel Kent
- 1724-1804
- Metaphysical Elements of Justice
- Three conditions must be met in order that the concept of justice should apply:
- 1. We must be dealing with external interpersonal behaviours
- 2. It must relate to willed action and not merely wishes, desires and needs
- 3. The consequences intended are not morally relevant
- Only one innate human right possessed by all persons; right freely to do what one wills, so long as that is "compatible with freedom of everyone else n accordance with a universal law"
- 3 ancient laws of justice:
- 2. We should avoid being unjust towards others even if that requires our trying to avoid them altogether
- 1. We should be honest in our dealings with others
- 3. If we cannot avoid associating with others, we should at least try to respect their rights
- Jeremy Bentham- Utilitarianism
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