Theories of Intelligence
- Created by: brobs123
- Created on: 17-05-17 15:09
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- Theories of Intelligence
- Factor Analysis
- Giving tests measuring different abilities (verbal, spatial, numerical/VNS)
- Finding Correlations of scores on different tests
- Low correlation = assume measuring different abilities + decide what's underlying factor
- Vice versa for high correlation
- Finding Correlations of scores on different tests
- Cattell
- Giving tests measuring different abilities (verbal, spatial, numerical/VNS)
- Factor Theories
- Spearman's Hierarchical Model 1923
- thought general intelligence factor (G factor) underlies all abilities
- Specific factor (S factor) for particular areas of competence
- Cattell 1963
- 2 G factors
- Fluid intelligence (GF-diminishes with age)
- Reasoning abstractly, making inferences, understanding relationships
- Crystallised Intelligence (GC-continues to improve with age)
- What a person learns and retains from experiences
- Fluid intelligence (GF-diminishes with age)
- Intelligence product of genes and environment
- 2 G factors
- Thurstone 1938
- 7 independent intelligence factors (cognitive abilities)
- Verbal comprehension, Verbal fluency, inductive reasoning, spatial visualisation, number, memory, perceptual speed
- 7 independent intelligence factors (cognitive abilities)
- Guilford 1967
- Structure-of-intellect theory
- 120 cognitive abilities
- 5 mental operation: thinking, remembering, divergent production (lateral thinking, creativitiy etc), evaluation and convergent thinking (logic)
- Produces 6 products: units, classes, relations, systems, transformations and impliations
- + 4 content involving processing: figural, semantic, behavioural and symbolic
- Produces 6 products: units, classes, relations, systems, transformations and impliations
- 5 mental operation: thinking, remembering, divergent production (lateral thinking, creativitiy etc), evaluation and convergent thinking (logic)
- 120 cognitive abilities
- Structure-of-intellect theory
- Spearman's Hierarchical Model 1923
- Gardner's Multiple Intelligences 1986
- Intelligence = ability to do something culturally valued
- VNS
- Non Cognitive = Musical, bodily, intrapersonal, interpersonal abilities (later naturalistic + existential)
- Accounted for by brain localisation RH (musical) and LH (reasoning)
- Could account for "idiot" savants
- Doesn't look at processes + high correlations between "different" intelligences so are they separate?
- Sternberg's Triarchic Theory 1985
- Componential Subtheory
- Mental mechanics + Analytic
- Experiential Subtheory
- Experience + Creative
- Contextual Subtheory
- Practical + Trait knowledge
- Componential Subtheory
- Factor Analysis
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