Theme A Schiziophrenia (Classification & Diagnosis
- Created by: Liv Scott
- Created on: 02-05-15 18:14
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- Theme A Schizophrenia
- Clinical Characteristics
- Positive
- Disrution of normal function, easier to diagnose
- E.g. delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech etc.
- Disrution of normal function, easier to diagnose
- Negative
- Lack of normal function, harder to diagnose
- E.g. Apathy, no emotion, flat effect, social withdrawal
- Lack of normal function, harder to diagnose
- Diagnosis
- 2 or more positive symptoms
- 1 or 6 months
- Reduced social function
- Age of onset
- Early 20s males
- Late 20s female
- Prognosis
- 1/3 recover more or less
- 1/3 episodic impairment
- 1/3 chronic decline
- Positive
- Issues of classification
- DSM
- American manuel
- 1 or more symptoms for at least 6 months, 1 month of active symptoms
- 5 subtypes
- ICD
- European manual
- Symptoms for 1 month
- 7 subtypes
- A02- If not diagnosed, don't get the right treatment. Diagnosis relies on manual
- A02- Reliability questioned because different types in different manuals
- A02- Ppl don't fit into neat categories. There are blurred distinctions between some subtypes
- P-Reliability of diagnosis challenged by variation between countries
- E- Copeland gave 134 US & 194 UK psychiatrists a patient description. 67% US & 2% UK diagnosed sz. Means low inter-rater reliability
- E-Lacks inter-rater cross culture, can't be diagnosed, can't get treatment
- L- Could be improved by a universal manual
- E-Lacks inter-rater cross culture, can't be diagnosed, can't get treatment
- E- Copeland gave 134 US & 194 UK psychiatrists a patient description. 67% US & 2% UK diagnosed sz. Means low inter-rater reliability
- P-Rosenhan showed issues of reliability & validity
- E- 8 ppts sent to hospitals with the same symptoms. 7 diagnosed with sz. Admitted between 7 & 52 days. Over next 3 months 83/193 were guessed as false, they weren't.
- E- Initial high inter-rater but lower over next 3 months. However this study only used 8 ppts, criticised for low pop validity. Can't be generalised.
- L- Shows issues of classification & diagnosis & labelling. But because of issues don't know if that is typical of everywhere
- E- Initial high inter-rater but lower over next 3 months. However this study only used 8 ppts, criticised for low pop validity. Can't be generalised.
- E- 8 ppts sent to hospitals with the same symptoms. 7 diagnosed with sz. Admitted between 7 & 52 days. Over next 3 months 83/193 were guessed as false, they weren't.
- P-Harrison et al criticised validity, misdiagnosis of African Caribeans
- E- Incidence of sz 8x higher in African Caribbean group than for white
- E-Maybe due to cultural differences, language, mannerism & the difficulties for drs relating to their patients
- L-To increase validity, employ drs from different backgrounds, give training to increase cultural differences & incorporate them into the manuals
- E-Maybe due to cultural differences, language, mannerism & the difficulties for drs relating to their patients
- E- Incidence of sz 8x higher in African Caribbean group than for white
- DSM
- Clinical Characteristics
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