Theme D part 1
- Created by: Sia11
- Created on: 01-03-21 18:31
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- Theme D
- Pacifism
- Pacifists are against violence at all costs
- Pacifism – the belief of people who refuse to take part in war or any other form of violence
- Pacifists are ‘conscientious objectors’ which means killing is against their conscience
- Buddhists and Christians, particularly in the Society of Friends, or Quakers have strong traditions of pacifism, not all pacifists are religious believers.
- Violent protest
- Christians are opposed to the use of violence as a means of protest. Jesus’ message was one of pacifism “blessed are the peacemakers”
- You should love your enemy and protest using non-violent means. For example Martin Luther King preached agape and civil disobedience like boycotts.
- Hindus believe in ahimsa, they believe it will bring about karma to cause harm to any living thing.
- They would stand up for justice using non-violent means
- Gandhi protested successfully to free India. He developed satyagraha – truth force.
- They would stand up for justice using non-violent means
- Although violent protest should be a last resort, with peaceful methods tried beforehand, some might argue that non-violent protest often doesn’t work or isn’t taken seriously.
- In self-defence, and if working for the greater good, violence might be used eg Malcolm X.
- Christians are opposed to the use of violence as a means of protest. Jesus’ message was one of pacifism “blessed are the peacemakers”
- Causes of war
- To gain land
- Religion because it brings conflict to countries where peoples religious beliefs are different
- Greed
- Politics
- Self defence
- Reasons for war
- Reconciliation - the idea of bringing sides together to help resolve issues so people can live in peace
- Peace - to live in harmony without fear with all people
- Forgiveness
- Just war
- A just cause would be to remove a dictator or to act in self-defence but not greed, power.
- St.Aquinas brought together criteria put forward by many Christian scholars and added his own, to create the Just War Theory.
- This is the idea that sometimes war might be necessary (in order to defend life), but that to be morally acceptable, a war needs to follow rules.
- The criteria includes having a Just Cause and Intention, using war as a last resort, using only proportionate force, avoiding taking innocent life, and using a just authority
- This is the idea that sometimes war might be necessary (in order to defend life), but that to be morally acceptable, a war needs to follow rules.
- St.Aquinas brought together criteria put forward by many Christian scholars and added his own, to create the Just War Theory.
- Islam also supports the concept of a just war.
- Although war and violence might sometimes be necessary, this should always be done with the aim of bringing about peace.
- The Quran, Sunnah and Hadith are used as the basis for the rules of just war in Shariah Law.
- These include the same criteria as Christian Just War Theory plus no harm to the environment, women or children, a religious leader must make decisions.
- The Quran, Sunnah and Hadith are used as the basis for the rules of just war in Shariah Law.
- Although war and violence might sometimes be necessary, this should always be done with the aim of bringing about peace.
- Quakers are a group of pacifist Christians. Instead of upholding Just War Theory, they support the complete opposition to war.
- They would say this is more in-keeping with Jesus’ teachings. They conscientiously object to wars if called up to fight .
- They would also say that no war can ever be just since all wars result in the loss of life. In the modern world, it is almost impossible to uphold the principles of a Just War since it is too hard to distinguish between soldiers and civilians.
- They would say this is more in-keeping with Jesus’ teachings. They conscientiously object to wars if called up to fight .
- A just cause would be to remove a dictator or to act in self-defence but not greed, power.
- Jihad
- Greater Jihad: fight against temptation in lives
- Lesser Jihad: military struggle in defense of Islam & self-defense + justice
- Jihad must: Protect trees, crops + animals, not fight to gain territory/ act of aggression, aim restore peace + freedom, enable release all prisoners of war and all the reasons for a just war
- If everyone had greater Jihad, lesser Jihad would never be necessary
- Pacifism
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