Theme 1 Hinduism
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- Created on: 27-05-19 11:15
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- Hinduism-Theme 1
- Ramakrishna
- Raised in a Vaishnavite family
- Became a temple priest
- Pursued bhakti: saw Kali as divine mother
- Worshipped his wife as an incarnation of Kali
- Pursued bhakti: saw Kali as divine mother
- Became a temple priest
- Mystic- dedicated his life to achieving unity with the divine
- Advaita guru Tota Puri helped him experience monsim
- Regularly reached state of samadhi- ecstasy
- Advaita guru Tota Puri helped him experience monsim
- Development of advaita
- Ramakrishna mission & Vivekananda
- Vivekananda advocated neo-vedanta
- Incorporated the thinking of Ram Mohan Roy and Ramakrishna
- Mystic: saw the universal application of Vedanta as the answer to all mankind's problems
- World Parliament of Religions Chicago 1893
- "The cyclonic monk from India"
- Founded the Ramakrishna mission: aims at the harmony of religions and promoting peace and equality for all humanity
- Vivekananda advocated neo-vedanta
- Importance of tolerance towards all spiritual paths
- 'God is only one, and not two. Different people call on Him by different names'- Ramakrishna
- Vivekananda accepts the validity of all religions
- Defends idol worship (Ramakrishna followed bhakti)
- Worshipping the formless god of NEO-VEDANTA is superior
- Defends idol worship (Ramakrishna followed bhakti)
- Raised in a Vaishnavite family
- Upanishads
- Final section of the Vedas
- 13 major Upanishads
- Often considered the beginning of Indian philosophy
- Root meaning: 'to sit at the feet of' (guru & chela)
- ESOTERIC tests- attempt to reach JNANA
- Dialogues between teachers & students
- 13 major Upanishads
- Main concern: nature of Brahman and atman
- Brahman- 'sacred power'
- Atman- the essence of all living beings, permanent & unchanging, one with Brahman, ultimate reality
- Identify the mystical connection between humans and the universe
- Yajna- fire sacrifice
- Performed outwardly- to appease/nourish gods
- Symbolically/ spiritually everyone's actions performed as an offering to God without desiring their fruit qualify as an act of sacrifice/ worship
- Performed inwardly- mentally
- Pursuit of knowledge/ liberation qualifies as jnana yajna
- Performed outwardly- to appease/nourish gods
- Katha Upanishad
- Final section of the Vedas
- Gandhi
- Advaita vedanta- non-duality
- Satyagraha- inherent truth force
- 2 types: civil disobedience & non co-operation
- Brahmacharya
- Gandhi pursued Vedic studies & celibacy aged 34
- "Further progress is not possible unless I have total brahmacharya"
- Gandhi pursued Vedic studies & celibacy aged 34
- Satyagraha- inherent truth force
- 3 goals to gain independence from British rule
- 1. Hindu- Muslim unity
- 2. End 'untouchability'
- 3. Defy the British (through non-violence)
- 1947- Partition
- Believed in the fundamental truth of all religions (UNIVERSALISM)
- Advaita vedanta- non-duality
- Ramakrishna
- Yoga- discipline, self-control, mastery of senses and emotions
- Jnana- experiential knowledge
- Difficult to understand; the teaching of an initiated guru is essential (Brahman is only seen by'subtle seers')
- Upanishads
- Final section of the Vedas
- 13 major Upanishads
- Often considered the beginning of Indian philosophy
- Root meaning: 'to sit at the feet of' (guru & chela)
- ESOTERIC tests- attempt to reach JNANA
- Dialogues between teachers & students
- 13 major Upanishads
- Main concern: nature of Brahman and atman
- Brahman- 'sacred power'
- Atman- the essence of all living beings, permanent & unchanging, one with Brahman, ultimate reality
- Identify the mystical connection between humans and the universe
- Yajna- fire sacrifice
- Performed outwardly- to appease/nourish gods
- Symbolically/ spiritually everyone's actions performed as an offering to God without desiring their fruit qualify as an act of sacrifice/ worship
- Performed inwardly- mentally
- Pursuit of knowledge/ liberation qualifies as jnana yajna
- Performed outwardly- to appease/nourish gods
- Katha Upanishad
- Final section of the Vedas
- Jnana- experiential knowledge
- "One becomes fit to attain Brahman when he or she possesses a purified intellect and firmly restrains the senses"- BG
- Inspired Gandhi and underpins his philosophy
- Never admitted 1 religion
- Gandhi
- Advaita vedanta- non-duality
- Satyagraha- inherent truth force
- 2 types: civil disobedience & non co-operation
- Brahmacharya
- Gandhi pursued Vedic studies & celibacy aged 34
- "Further progress is not possible unless I have total brahmacharya"
- Gandhi pursued Vedic studies & celibacy aged 34
- Satyagraha- inherent truth force
- 3 goals to gain independence from British rule
- 1. Hindu- Muslim unity
- 2. End 'untouchability'
- 3. Defy the British (through non-violence)
- 1947- Partition
- Believed in the fundamental truth of all religions (UNIVERSALISM)
- Advaita vedanta- non-duality
- Gandhi
- Never admitted 1 religion
- Inspired Gandhi and underpins his philosophy
- Believed in the essential unity of man and God
- Explained God could be both person/ impersonal, saguna/ nirguna- by comparing God to water/ ice
- Development of advaita
- Achieved visions from other religions, hence said 'all religions are true'
- For him, all visions were manifestations of one ultimate reality
- Planted early seeds of neo-vedanta
- Thought caste inequalities could not be legislated against & would disappear naturally
- Explained God could be both person/ impersonal, saguna/ nirguna- by comparing God to water/ ice
- Thought caste inequalities could not be legislated against & would disappear naturally
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