The personal rule of Charles I 1629-40
- Created by: BeccaEK
- Created on: 02-04-15 16:59
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- THE PERSONAL RULE OF CHARLES I 1629-1640
- ROYAL FINANCES
- Sources of income
- FINES - anyone who encroached on Crown land, built houses outside London's walls, didn't pay for knighthoods could be fined
- COURT OF WARDS - Crown took income of uderage heirs to land(doubled income from 1625-1640
- Ship money
- OPPOSITION - serious but not significant apart from HAMPDEN 1637 (challenged SM but judges in favour of Charles 7-5, amount collected decreased)
- collected by Sheriffs - successful at first but dropped with price of food
- underfunded throughout but enough to keep success of government
- Sources of income
- RELIGIOUS ISSUES
- Protestant Church
- Conservative - liked ceremony + tradition, accepted old Catholic liturgy + wanted to keep church decoration
- Puritan - radicals who wanted no imagery or decoration + took communion at simple tables
- Protestant Church
- LAUD'S REFORMS
- Denied predestination + stressed importance of ceremony and ritual in services
- Believed Rome was in error but not as seriously as Puritans
- Wanted to restore quality of clergy + fabric of churches
- Actions
- Altars to be moved to east of church and railed in + return of images and silver + gold
- Encouraged visitations of churches by Bishops to check up on Puritans
- Foreign churches attacked + wandering Puritan clergy rounded up
- OPPOSITION TO RELIGIOUS REFORM
- Open opposition limited during 1630s but in 1637 Bishop Williams of Lincoln sent to tower due to opposition of Laudian reforms
- LIttle persecution of Puritans
- No martyrs of Laud's reforms - those punished mutilated but not executed
- Hard to oppose religion without opposing the King too
- OPPOSITION TO RELIGION IN SCOTLAND
- Far greater than in England - Church was more Puritan + Charles wanted to bring it into line with CofE
- 1637 - introduced prayer book 1638 - Scottish rebellion over prayer book
- 1639 FIRST BISHOPS' WAR
- RECALL OF PARLIAMENT + THE ROAD TO WAR
- Start of 1640 civil war = unlikely
- April-May 1640 = short parliament, called as advised by Strafford
- Refused to grant supplies without redress of grievances (many were Puritans)
- August - October 1640 SECOND BISHOPS' WAR
- November 1640 = long parliament called
- 1640 = Laud + Strafford impeached as evil counsellors + petition that episcopacy should be abolished
- 1641 = Triennial Act (parliament to meet every 3 years), Strafford's trial (high treason), Irish Rebellion, Grand Remonstrance
- 1642 = Charles attempts to arrest 5 MPs + fails to use troops to shut down parliament
- 1641 = Triennial Act (parliament to meet every 3 years), Strafford's trial (high treason), Irish Rebellion, Grand Remonstrance
- ROYAL FINANCES
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