The Muscular System
- Created by: megan_vincent
- Created on: 22-02-14 12:31
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- The Muscular System
- Muscle names
- Tibalis anterior
- Biceps brachii
- Flexion of the elbow
- Hamstring
- Flexion of the knee
- Triceps brachii
- Extnsion of the elbow
- Quadriceps
- Extends the knee
- Rectus Abdominals
- Flexion of the spine
- Gastrocnemius
- Extension of th enakle
- Gluteus maximus
- Extension of the hip
- Deltoid
- Lifting your shoulder
- Pectoralis major
- Adducting your arms
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
- Abducting and rotating the arms
- Functions of muscles
- Helps in the circulation of blood
- Generate body heat when it contracts
- Gives us our individual shape
- Maintain a good posture
- Enables us to move body parts
- Protect and keep abdominal organs in place
- Antagonistic pairs
- The agonist is the prime mover and contracts to start the movement
- The antagonist is the muscle that relaxes to allow the movement
- Muscles working oppositely are said to be working antagonistically
- e.g triceps brachii (antagonist)and biceps brachiii (agonist)
- Types of muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Only found in the heart and contracts and relaxes continuously
- Involuntary muscles
- Skeletal muscles
- They are attatched to skeleton under control to make our bodies move
- Voluntary muscle
- Smooth muscles
- They are around organs such as the intestines and blood vessels
- Involuntary muscles
- Cardiac muscle
- Muscle movement
- Muscles can only pull they cannot push
- When a muscle contrcats one bone moves while the other one stays stationary
- Insertion
- Where the muscle joins the stationary bone
- Origin
- Where the muscle joins the stationary bone
- Synergist
- The muscle that stabilises the joint while the movement takes place
- Muscle tone
- Muscles are in a state of slight tension even at rest
- Movement
- Extension
- Muscles that starighten a limb
- Flexion
- Muscles that bend a limb
- Adductors
- Musles that move a limb towards the body
- Rotation
- Abductors
- Muscles that move the limb away from the body
- Extension
- Muscle contractions
- Isometric
- Force produced without movement
- e.g tug of war or a rugby scrum
- Force produced without movement
- Isotonic
- Force produced with movement
- Concentric
- Muscle shortens
- Eccentric
- Musle lengthens under tension as a breaking action
- Concentric
- Force produced with movement
- Isometric
- Effectsof exercise on the muscular system
- Short term
- Muscle temperature increases
- Fibres in the working muscles increase
- Muscles take up more oxygen from the blood
- Blood flow to the working musces is increased
- Muscles contract more often and more quickly
- Long term
- Hypertrophy
- Increase in muscle size
- Increases in muscular strength and power
- Muscles can work harder for longer
- Muscles can cope with fatigue better by coping with lactic acid and oxygen debt (muscular endurance)
- Strengthening muscles around a joint improves stability
- Hypertrophy
- Short term
- Atrophy
- Reduction in muscle mass
- Muscle names
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