The Muscular System
- Created by: annie_beurschgens
- Created on: 14-05-14 17:11
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- The Muscular System
- Voluntary/Skeletal Muscles
- Under your control.
- Majority of the muscles in your body.
- e.g. biceps, triceps and hamstrings.
- Cardiac Muscle
- Every heart beat is a muscular contraction.
- Found only in the walls of the heart.
- Cannot control.
- Works constantly and automatically.
- Involuntary/Smooth Muscles
- Walls of the arteries and the blood vessels.
- Cannot control.
- Names of the Voluntary Muscles
- Trapezuis
- Deltoids
- Triceps
- Pectorals
- Biceps
- Quadriceps
- Gastrocnemuis
- Abdominals
- Latissimus dorsi
- Gluteals
- Hamstring
- Muscle Movements
- Agonist: the muscle that initially contracts to start a movement.
- Insertion: the end of the muscle attached the bone that moves.
- Antagonist: the muscle that relaxes and allows a movement to take place.
- Origin: the end of the muscle attached to the fixed bone.
- Belly: the middle part of the muscle that changes size.
- Muscle Actions
- Flexors: these are the muscles that bend a limb at a joint by contracting e.g. biceps when bicep curling.
- Extensors: these are the muscles that work with and against the flexors and straighten a limb at a joint by contracting e.g. triceps when bicep curling.
- Adductors: these are the muscles that move a limb towards the body.
- Abductors: the paired muscles for adductors, which move a limb away from the body.
- Muscle Fibres
- Fast twitch
- Contract quickly.
- Tire quickly.
- Have poor oxygen supply.
- Bigger, stronger than slow twitch.
- Anaerobic activities.
- Slow twitch
- Contract slowly.
- Tire slowly.
- Have good oxygen supply.
- Work for longer periods of time.
- Aerobic activities.
- Fast twitch
- Muscle Contractions
- Isometric: force produced without movement.
- Isotonic: force produced with movement.
- Concentric: muscle shortens(most common).
- Eccentric: muscle lengthens.
- The Major Muscle Groups
- Triceps: straightens the arm at the elbow.
- Biceps: bends the arm at the elbow.
- Gluteus Maximus: straightens the thigh at the hip.
- Gastrocnemius: raises the body into the toes.
- Achilles: transmits the power of the calf muscle to the foot.
- Deltoids: pulls the outstretched arms together in front of the body.
- Pectoroalis Major: raises the arm away from the side.
- Abdominals: flexes the trunk forward.
- Quadriceps: bends the leg at the knee.
- Untitled
- Voluntary/Skeletal Muscles
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