geography mind map
- Created by: James
- Created on: 08-05-13 11:34
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- The main global organisations affecting development
- The World Trade Organisation
- Set up in 1955 as a permanent organisation with far greater powers than its predeccessor GATT
- Todays average tariffs are only a tenth of what they were when GATT started in 1947
- Exists to promote free trade
- Most countries in the world are members
- The World Bank
- Borrows between $20 billion and $30 billion a year in a variety of currencies
- Has provided funding for over 4,000 development projects in 130 countries
- Lending is at market rates of interest
- In 1960 a branch of the World Bank was formed, known as the International Development Agency
- The IDA lends only to nations with low income per capita - these loans are interest free
- Transnational corporations
- The driving force behind economic globalisation
- Capitalist enterprises that engage in foreign direct investment
- As the rules on regulating the movement of goods and investment have been relaxed, they have expanded their global reach
- TNCs have substantial influence on the global economy in general and on the countries in which they choose to operate
- Governments
- Major players in the global economy
- Exert their influence through national policies and membership of major international organisations
- Tackling the development gap seems to be a high priority for some countries but not so much for others
- Non-governmental organisations
- Examples
- Oxfam
- CARE
- CAFOD
- WaterAid
- The role of NGOs in development has increased because
- They have developed considerable expertise over a number of decades in many different countries
- They have a more successful track record in promoting development
- They concentrate on small AND medium scale projects that benefit the poor rather than the better off in LEDCs
- They work with local people to sustain development in the long term
- They are seen to be independent of vested interests
- Examples
- The international monetary fund
- Deals mainly with internal investment projects
- UN Agency
- Countries apply for funding from the IMF when they are unable to obtain funding from other sources
- IMF money is designed to prevent the disruption to the international financial system that would occur through a country failing to meet its commitments to other nations
- Along with fnding, the IMF can also negotiate the terms of debt on behalf of nations in financial difficulties
- The World Trade Organisation
- The international monetary fund
- Deals mainly with internal investment projects
- UN Agency
- Countries apply for funding from the IMF when they are unable to obtain funding from other sources
- IMF money is designed to prevent the disruption to the international financial system that would occur through a country failing to meet its commitments to other nations
- Along with fnding, the IMF can also negotiate the terms of debt on behalf of nations in financial difficulties
- Examples
- Oxfam
- CARE
- CAFOD
- WaterAid
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