The Interaction of Radiation with Matter

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  • The Interaction of Radiation with Matter
    • Translation energy
      • the whole molecule moves from place to place.
    • Rotational energy
      • The whole molecule rotates. Microwave radiation.
    • Vibrational energy
      • the bonds within the molecule vibrate. Infrared radiation.
    • Electronic energy
      • electrons move from one energy level to another. U.V and visible radiation.
      • Visible- electrons excited to higher energy levels (coloured substances).
      • U.V.-bonds break, photodissociation, forms radicals.
      • High U.V.-ionisation occurs, electron lost from atom/molecule.
    • E=hv
    • Heterolytic fission- a bond splitting to form ions
      • Double- headed arrow -> the movement of two electrons
    • Homolytic fission- radicals formed
      • Single- headed arrow -> the movement of one electron
      • Radicals are atoms or molecules with at least one unpaired outer shell electron. They are very unstable and very reactive.
    • Mechanism of radical chain reaction
      • Initiation- makes radicals, triggered by photodissociation.
      • Propogation- uses radicals to make more -> produces radical with a molecule.
      • Termination

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