Unit 2 Section 5.2 Immune System
- Created by: stephloupoole
- Created on: 28-04-14 18:00
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- The Immune System
- Primary Defences
- the body has a number of primary defences that help prevent pathogens and parasites from entering it. These include the skin and mucous membranes
- The Skin
- This acts as a physical barrier, blocking pathogens from entering the body. it also acts as a chemical barrier by producing antimicrobial chemicals and can lower pH, inhibiting the growth of pathogens.
- Mucous membranes
- These protect body openings that are exposed to the environment. some mucous membranes secrete mucus - a sticky substance that traps pathogens and contains antimicrobial enzymes
- The Skin
- the body has a number of primary defences that help prevent pathogens and parasites from entering it. These include the skin and mucous membranes
- The Immune response
- if a pathogen or parasite gets past the primary defences and enters the body, the immune system will respond.
- an immune response is the body's reaction to a foreign antigen.
- antigens are molecules found on the surface of cells
- when a pathogen invades the body, the antigen on its cell surface are identified as foreign, which activates cells in the immune system
- The main stages of the immune response
- 1. phagocytosis
- 2. T lymphocyte activation
- 3. B lymphocyte activation and plasma production
- 4. Antibody production
- Cell signalling and the Immune response
- cell signalling is basically how cells communicate
- a cell may release a substance that binds to the receptors on another cell
- this causes a response of some kind in the other cell
- cell signalling is really important in the immune response because it helps to acitivate all the different types of white blood cells that are needed
- Primary Defences
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