A: The Fall Of The Second Reich
- Created by: BeccaEK
- Created on: 20-04-15 19:07
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- The Fall of the Second Reich
- Threats from extreme left and right
- Main threat was repeated attacks from internal enemies to left and right
- Greater threat from right wing nationalism
- They despised new democracy
- End of 1918 - great threat = Spartacist uprising
- Luxemburg + Liebkneckt murdered 15th Jan 1919
- Ebert supported + supplied army against them
- Uprising poorly planned + crushed by Freikorps
- Founding of Weimar Republic
- January 1919 - elections for National Assembly
- Met in Weimar - Berlin thought unsafe
- Hard for 1 party to get majority
- Used proportional representation
- January 1919 - elections for National Assembly
- Weimar Constitution
- Main points
- Chancellor + cabinet needed majority support in Reichstag
- Germany split into 18 lander
- President elected on 7 year cycle
- Article 48 - President could suspend Parliament + run by decree in emergancy
- 2 houses = Reichsrat + Reichstag
- Freedom of speech
- Impact
- Successful constitutional practice
- But misused by Republic's opponents
- Proportional representation led to many coalition governments
- Accepted by most across political spectrum
- 2 presidents = Ebert + Hndenburg
- Successful constitutional practice
- Main points
- Treaty of Versailles
- Germany forced to give up much of its territory - 13% of that possessed pre-war
- War Guilt clause
- Reparations fixed at £6.6million
- Left Germany humiliated + scarred
- Forced to sign
- Threatened with military action if they didn't
- Forced to sign
- Threat from the right
- Kapp Putsch
- Many within army supported the putsch
- Defeated by general strike of trade unions
- After this, Freikorps were disbanded
- Many within army supported the putsch
- Kapp Putsch
- Ruhr crisis
- French cut the Ruhr off from rest of Germany
- To finance striking workers, government printed more money
- Hyperinflation became worse
- Passive Resistance used in response
- Called off by Stresemann - introduced the Rentenmark
- To finance striking workers, government printed more money
- French cut the Ruhr off from rest of Germany
- Munich Putsch
- 8th Nov 1923 SA forced Von Kahr into supporting march on Berlin
- Once they left the building he retracted his support
- 9th Nov 1923 3000 Nazis marched on Munich
- Police blocked their way
- Shots fired - 16 Nazis + 3 policemen killed
- Hitler ran away but arrested several days later
- Sentenced to 5 years in Feb 1924
- Only served 9 months
- Sentenced to 5 years in Feb 1924
- Failed as Hitler delayed too long
- Police blocked their way
- Results
- Hitler used his trial for propaganda
- Convinced Hitler Nazis could not rule by violence alone
- 8th Nov 1923 SA forced Von Kahr into supporting march on Berlin
- Stresemann years 1924-1929
- Foreign policy
- DAWES PLAN 1924 Germany to receive foreign aid of 800 million marks
- LOCARNO TREATY Germany + neighbours not to use force on eachother
- LEAGUE OF NATIONS 1926 Germany admitted
- TREATY OF BERLIN 1926 neutrality of Germany + Soviet Union
- YOUNG PLAN 1929 debt to be 2000 million Reichmarks to be paid yearly until 1988
- Enabled Germany to regain diplomatic influence
- Economy
- Significant monetary stability
- Important after hyperinflation
- Foreign capital from USA
- Significant monetary stability
- Foreign policy
- Role of the SPD
- 1924-1928 resisted becoming part of a coalition
- Despite this, they were largest party
- Thought it would compromise their ideals
- Rejected political reponsibility
- 1924-1928 resisted becoming part of a coalition
- Threats from extreme left and right
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