P3 Physics The Energy of Games and Theme Rides
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- Created by: A.P
- Created on: 21-01-13 19:38
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- The Energy of Games and Theme Rides
- Gravitational Potential Energy
- An object held about the ground has gravitational potential energy.
- This is shows by the formula GPE = mgh, where m = mass, h = vertical height moved and m = gravitational field strength (10N/kg).
- GPE is measured in Joules (J).
- Energy Transfers
- A bouncing ball converts GPE into kinetic energy and back to GPE. It does not return to its original height because energy is transferred.
- When skydivers reach terminal speed, their kinetic energy (1.2mv2) has a maximum value and remains constant. The gravitational potential energy lost as they fall is used to do work against friction (air resistance).
- When terminal speed is reached is can be shown as: Change in GPE = Work Done against Friction.
- A bouncing ball converts GPE into kinetic energy and back to GPE. It does not return to its original height because energy is transferred.
- How a Roller Coaster Works
- A roller coaster uses a motor to haul a train up in the air. The riders at the top of a roller coaster ride have a lot of gravitational potential energy.
- When the train is released it converts GPE to kinetic energy as it falls. Loss of GPE = Gain in KE.
- Ignoring Friction, as the train falls mgh = 1/2mv2.
- h = (mv2)/(2mg) = (v2)/(2g). So this is independent of the mass of the falling object.
- Each peak is lower than the one before because some energy is transferred to heat and sound due to friction and air resistance.
- This is shown by the formula: GPE at top = KE at bottom + Energy Transferred (To Heat and Sound) Due to Friction.
- Ignoring Friction, as the train falls mgh = 1/2mv2.
- When the train is released it converts GPE to kinetic energy as it falls. Loss of GPE = Gain in KE.
- A roller coaster uses a motor to haul a train up in the air. The riders at the top of a roller coaster ride have a lot of gravitational potential energy.
- Gravitational Potential Energy
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