The Earth - C1 Revision
Mindmap on chapter 7 of Chemistry Unit 1 AQA.
- Created by: Lily Brighton
- Created on: 27-12-12 22:59
View mindmap
- The Earth - C1 Revision
- Structure
- Inner Core
- High proportion of the magnetic metals nickel and iron.
- Outer Core
- Liquid
- Outer Core
- Solid
- High proportion of the magnetic metals nickel and iron.
- Mantle
- Almost entirely solid but parts can flow very slowly
- Outer Core
- Liquid
- Crust
- Solid and thin
- The Earth is spherical with a diameter of about 12800km
- Inner Core
- Restlessness
- Tectonic Plates - earth's crust and upper part of the mantle are cracked
- Move a few centimeters a year because of CONVECTION CURRENTS
- Energy released by the decay of radioactive elements heating up the mantle causes convection currents
- Where the plates meet, huge forces build up making rocks give way, change shape or move - this causes earthquakes, volcanoes or mountains to form
- ALFRED WEGENER
- Put forward the idea of CONTINENTAL DRIFT in 1915
- Other scientists did not accept his ideas because he could not explain why continents moved - they believed the earth was shrinking as it cooled
- Move a few centimeters a year because of CONVECTION CURRENTS
- Tectonic Plates - earth's crust and upper part of the mantle are cracked
- Atmosphere
- The earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago
- 1. In the first billion years the surface was covered with volcanoes that released carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen
- 2. When the earth cooled, most of the water vapour condensed to form the oceans
- 3. In the nest 2 billion years bacteria, algae and plants evolved . Oxygen increased
- The earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago
- Life on Earth
- Plants that produced the oxygen in the atmosphere probably evolved from simple organisms.
- We do not know how the simple things were formed but many scientists have suggested theories of how life began.
- MILLER-UREY EXPERIMENT
- In 1952 two scientists, Miller and Urey did an experiment of what they thought was in the early atmosphere
- They used a mixture of water, ammonia, methane, hydrogen and a high voltage spark to stimulate lightening.
- After a week they found that amino acids had been produced.
- One theory suggests that these organic molecules formed a 'primordial soup' and that the amino acids in this mixture combined to make proteins from which life began.
- Gases in the Atmosphere
- Carbon dioxide – 0.04%
- Plants took up much of the carbon dioxide in the Earth’s early atmosphere. Animals ate the plants and much of the carbon ended up in sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels.
- Dissolves in the oceans and some probably formed insoluble carbonate compounds that were left on the seabed and became sedimentary rocks.
- Oxygen - 21%
- Nitrogen - 78%
- Argon - 0.9%
- Traces of other gases
- Separating the gases in the air
- The gases in the air have different boiling points and so can be separated from liquid air by fractional distillation.
- Carbon dioxide – 0.04%
- Structure
- ALFRED WEGENER
- Put forward the idea of CONTINENTAL DRIFT in 1915
- Other scientists did not accept his ideas because he could not explain why continents moved - they believed the earth was shrinking as it cooled
Comments
No comments have yet been made