Coastal Environment 1.1 - 1.4
- Created by: chickpeatweet
- Created on: 14-04-14 17:50
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- The Coastal Environment
- 1.1 - Multi-use Areas
- The Hampshire coast
- Oil Refinery (Economic)
- Largest in UK
- 3,000 workers
- Lymington and Cowes Sailing Resorts (Recreational)
- Hotels and nearby camping
- Large marinas
- Keyhaven Nature Reserve (Environmental)
- mudflats and salt marsh good for birds
- provide recreational and educational activities
- Southhampton
- Big city with a large population
- Large shopping centre
- Oil Refinery (Economic)
- The Hampshire coast
- 1.2 - Coastal Areas and Economic Development
- Growth Poles - Areas used for business development
- Infrastructure - network of links including transport
- Tourism, industry and trade links create economic opportunities and attract a lot of people
- Dubai in the middle east
- Shopping centre
- 11km coast with hotels, resorts and marinas
- Port terminal for international cruise ships
- Exhibition and conference centres
- Using Tourism to Improve Living Conditions
- Bahia - North-east Brazil
- Poor area with few business opportunities
- 15 year development programme to improve
- Tourist development
- 15 year development programme to improve
- North of Salvador - $400 million invest
- Hotels and resorts along attractive coastline
- New international airport to bring in tourists
- Both the Coast de Sauipe and Praia do Forte resorts are being developed with the environment considered
- Either and eco - resort or have strict conservation rules
- Poor area with few business opportunities
- Bahia - North-east Brazil
- 1.3 - Physical Process that Shape the Coastline
- Constructive and Destructive Waves
- Constructive
- Help to build beaches
- A larger swash than backwash
- Long, low waves
- Destructive
- Erode cliffs rapidly and remove beach material
- Backwash stronger than swash
- Swash still strong
- Short, steep waves that hit with force
- Constructive
- Coastal system
- Erosion / Weathering
- Transportation
- Deposition
- Transportation
- Erosion / Weathering
- Erosion - Three main types - HAA
- Abrasion (Corrasion)
- Stones and sand in the waves are thrown at the cliff as the wave breaks
- Attrition
- Sand and stones collide with each other wearing away the beach material
- Hydraulic Action
- The sheer force of the wave breaks parts of the cliff off
- As the wave hits the cliff, air is compressed into cracks - blasts off
- Abrasion (Corrasion)
- Weathering - Two main types
- Corrosion (solution)
- Sea water is corrosive and can dissolve some types of rock and can increase crack sizes
- Salt spray gets in cracks - water evaporates and salt crystals form, pushing rock apart
- Wetting/drying
- Softer rocks (ie. clay) expand when wet, contract when drying
- Constant expanding + contracting weakens the rock
- Softer rocks (ie. clay) expand when wet, contract when drying
- Corrosion (solution)
- Constructive and Destructive Waves
- 1.4 - Landforms Caused by Coastal Ersion
- Key words
- Landform - a physical feature that has been formed by erosion/weathering
- Slipping Plane - line of weakness, often where a previous landslide has occured
- Type of rock effects rate of erosion
- Chalk and limestone are well structured so resistant to wave energy
- If a coastline is made of soft rock (ie. clay or gravel) it becomes very unstable when wet
- Rainfall soaking through the rock and wave energy at the bottom of cliff can cause Slumping or Landslides
- Holbeck Hotel - Scarbrough
- Heavy rainfall caused a huge landslide - water had seeped down into the slipping plane
- Water in the rock makes it heavier and more unstable
- Heavy rainfall caused a huge landslide - water had seeped down into the slipping plane
- Holbeck Hotel - Scarbrough
- Rainfall soaking through the rock and wave energy at the bottom of cliff can cause Slumping or Landslides
- Process of headland erosion
- Crack in rock is widened into a wave-cut notch by hydraulic action
- Sea cave at the base of cliff, caused by abrasion and hydraulic action
- Notch - Cave
- An arch is formed when the cave breaks through headland
- Cave - Arch
- Sea spray weakens the rock resulting in rock falls
- Arch - Rock fall
- Wave-cut platform at base
- Rock fall - Platform
- Roof of the arch collapses creating a stack
- Arch - Stack
- Stack is eroded leaving a stump
- Stack - Stump
- Process of headland erosion
- Crack in rock is widened into a wave-cut notch by hydraulic action
- Sea cave at the base of cliff, caused by abrasion and hydraulic action
- Notch - Cave
- An arch is formed when the cave breaks through headland
- Cave - Arch
- Sea spray weakens the rock resulting in rock falls
- Arch - Rock fall
- Wave-cut platform at base
- Rock fall - Platform
- Roof of the arch collapses creating a stack
- Arch - Stack
- Stack is eroded leaving a stump
- Stack - Stump
- Crack - Notch
- Sea cave at the base of cliff, caused by abrasion and hydraulic action
- Crack in rock is widened into a wave-cut notch by hydraulic action
- Crack - Notch
- Sea cave at the base of cliff, caused by abrasion and hydraulic action
- Crack in rock is widened into a wave-cut notch by hydraulic action
- Key words
- 1.1 - Multi-use Areas
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