The Blood and Circulation
- Created by: Chloe Matthews
- Created on: 07-05-14 17:01
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- THE BLOOD AND CIRCULATION
- Some organisms do not need a circulatory system.
- They have a large surface area compared to their volume and they are surrounded by the water they live in.
- Dissolved oxygen diffuses from this water into the cell by osmosis.
- They have a large surface area compared to their volume and they are surrounded by the water they live in.
- The blood is your main transport system.
- It takes oxygen and nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, to cells.
- It collects and removes waste, such as carbon dioxide and urea, from cells.
- Blood is a tissue.
- Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended in the fluid plasma.
- Various artificial blood products are available, but none contain red or white blood cells or platelets.
- Volume expanders are used in emergency situations.
- If a patient has lost a lot of blood, but there is no real blood of the correct type to infuse, saline (salt) solution can be used.
- Some volume expanders also contain sugars and proteins.
- They can maintain normal blood pressure, and the remaining haemoglobin will carry enough oxygen to the body tissues to sustain the patient.
- If you loose a lot of red blood cells, you need artificial blood that can carry oxygen.
- Some types contain chemicals that can carry and release oxygen.
- Other types contain encapsulated haemoglobin.
- Haemoglobin cannot be free in the blood as it would be filtered out in the kidneys and would damage them.
- Volume expanders are used in emergency situations.
- Unlike real blood, artificial blood does not have to be matched to patients.
- They could be useful in countries where blood transfusions may not be safe.
- They could be useful to rapidly treat trauma patients.
- They can be stored for three years at room temperature.
- They immediately restore full oxygen-carrying capacity to recipients, whereas this takes 24 hours with real blood.
- They can be stored for three years at room temperature.
- They could be useful to rapidly treat trauma patients.
- They could be useful in countries where blood transfusions may not be safe.
- Humans and other mammals have a double circulatory system.
- Blood passes from the heart to the body organs and tissues, back to the heart, to the lungs to remove carbon dioxide and then back to the heart.
- Because the blood makes two circuits from the heart, it needs four chambers.
- The heart is a double pump.
- Blood in a double circulatory system is under high pressure, and so it transports substances more quickly around the body.
- Your heart is an organ.
- Its function is to pump blood around the body.
- The wall of the heart is made of muscle.
- Its a specialised type of muscle called cardiac muscle.
- Blood enters the atria of the heart, from veins.
- The atria contract and force the blood into the ventricles.
- The ventricles contract and force the blood out of the heart, into arteries.
- Blood flows from the heart, to the organs, in arteries.
- Blood returns from the organs to the heart, in veins.
- Blood flows from the heart, to the organs, in arteries.
- The ventricles contract and force the blood out of the heart, into arteries.
- The atria contract and force the blood into the ventricles.
- The valves in the heart prevent the back flow of blood.
- Surgeons can replace diseased or damage heart valves.
- The valves may be synthetic or may be taken from other animals such as cows or pigs.
- There is no risk of rejection, as heart valves have no capillary blood supply. This means that white blood cells do not patrol these valves.
- The valves may be synthetic or may be taken from other animals such as cows or pigs.
- Surgeons can replace diseased or damage heart valves.
- Every time your heart beats, your ventricles contract and force blood out of the heart into arteries.
- There are two arteries leaving your heart; the aorta and pulmonary artery.
- The aorta leaves your left ventricle, carries oxygenated blood to your body tissues and smaller arteries branch off from it to take blood to your head and brain.
- The pulmoary artery leaves the right bentircle, and takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- There are two arteries leaving your heart; the aorta and pulmonary artery.
- Arteries
- The walls of the arteries are thick, because the blood is under high pressure.
- Large amounts of muscle allow the wall to withstand and maintain the pressure.
- Large amounts of elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch and recoil as blood surges through.
- Narrow cavity (lumen).
- Large amounts of elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch and recoil as blood surges through.
- Large amounts of muscle allow the wall to withstand and maintain the pressure.
- The walls of the arteries are thick, because the blood is under high pressure.
- Capillaries
- Walls or very thin, only one cell thick, so diffusion is quick.
- A large number of capillaries gives a large surface area for diffusion.
- Molecules needed by the cells (such as oxygen and glucose) pass out of the blood.
- Blood pressure has been lost, and the blood flows slowly by the time the blood reaches the capillaries.
- They are very narrow, just wide enough to allow one red blood cell through.
- A large number of capillaries gives a large surface area for diffusion.
- Walls or very thin, only one cell thick, so diffusion is quick.
- Veins
- They have thinner walls than arteries, because the blood pressure is lower.
- Little muscle or elastic fibres as there is no high pressure to withstand.
- They contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood.
- Large cavity (lumen).
- They contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood.
- Little muscle or elastic fibres as there is no high pressure to withstand.
- They have thinner walls than arteries, because the blood pressure is lower.
- Blood is the only liquid tissue in your body.
- It is made in the red bone marrow of your long bones.
- You have about five litres of blood in your body and this volume has to be maintained, otherwise it cannot circulate properly.
- It is slightly alkaline and the temperature is slightly higher than your body temperature.
- Transport
- Protection
- If you cut yourself, your blood clots a forms a scab over the wound.
- This stops blood loss and prevents pathogens from entering.
- If pathogens do enter the body, white blood cells deal with them.
- If you cut yourself, your blood clots a forms a scab over the wound.
- Regulation
- Your blood regulates body temperature by distributing heat from respiring muscles and liver cells to other organs and your skin.
- Your blood regulates your pH in body tissues by some of the proteins acting as buffers, which means they restrict changes in pH.
- Your blood regulates body temperature by distributing heat from respiring muscles and liver cells to other organs and your skin.
- It is slightly alkaline and the temperature is slightly higher than your body temperature.
- You have about five litres of blood in your body and this volume has to be maintained, otherwise it cannot circulate properly.
- It is made in the red bone marrow of your long bones.
- There are many dissolved substances in the blood.
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Fatty acids
- Vitamins
- Hormones
- Cholesterol
- Carbon dioxide
- Hydrogencarbonate ions
- Mineral ions
- Fibrous proteins
- Antibodies
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Fatty acids
- Vitamins
- Hormones
- Cholesterol
- Carbon dioxide
- Hydrogencarbonate ions
- Mineral ions
- Fibrous proteins
- Antibodies
- Antibodies
- Fibrous proteins
- Mineral ions
- Hydrogencarbonate ions
- Carbon dioxide
- Cholesterol
- Hormones
- Vitamins
- Fatty acids
- Amino acids
- Glucose
- Antibodies
- Fibrous proteins
- Mineral ions
- Hydrogencarbonate ions
- Carbon dioxide
- Cholesterol
- Hormones
- Vitamins
- Fatty acids
- Amino acids
- Glucose
- Every red blood cells is filled with haemoglobin.
- When oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells, it combines with the haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin.
- At respiring tissues, oxyhaemoglobin splits into oxygen and haemoglobin.
- The oxygen diffuses into the body's cells to be used for respiration.
- At respiring tissues, oxyhaemoglobin splits into oxygen and haemoglobin.
- When oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells, it combines with the haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin.
- Some organisms do not need a circulatory system.
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