Cambodia - The Vietnamese Invasion

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  • Created by: Alasdair
  • Created on: 03-04-17 18:24
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  • The Vietnamese Invasion (1878) and its consequences
    • 1. Intro
      • Pol Pot regime collapsed as result of Vt invasion of Cam that began on Xmas Day 1978
      • Suggestion for Vt motivation
        • Khmer Rogue's anti-Vt purge
        • Influx of 375,000 Cam refugees fleeing from Pol Pot regime into Vt
        • Khmer Rouge - initiated border cashes 1977, which suggested Cam designed upon Vt terriotry (Khmer Rouge claimed Vt initated clashes)
        • Khmer Rouge rejection of Vt suggestions for talks on disputed border regions
        • Fear of Sino-Cam alliances and encirclement of Vt ('When we look at Cambodia, we see China, China, China, China'), a Vt Communist official told American journalist Stanley Karnov)
        • Desire to dominate Indochina
      • Whatever motivation, Vietnam possessed one of Asia's best armies
      • First results of their invasion:
        • Poorly organised Khmer Rouge forces quickly in retreat to jungle
        • Khmer Rouge would not treat people properly so they lost everything
        • Many Cams welcomed Vt intervention but vast majority of foreign nations reacted with unease when Vt est. new Cam gov under Heng Samrin
        • Pol Pot's democratic Kampuchea now became People's Republic of Kampuchea
    • 2. The events
      • The People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK)
        • 140,000 strong Vt occupation force remained in Cam and supported Heng Samrin's pro-Vietnamese People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK)
        • Opposition to PRK
          • China
            • All of which declared support for Pol Pot's deposed gov and condemned Vt
              • ASEAN
              • USA
          • USA
          • ASEAN
          • Nearly 30,000 Khmer Rouge guerrillas, many based in Thailand, opposed PRK (throughout 1980s)
          • Other Cam opponents included Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF)
            • Est. in Paris in March 1979
            • Led by Son Sann
            • Deployed 8000-strong army led by officers of Lon Nol's army
            • Failed to win support of peasantry
      • Third Opposition Group
        • Led by Sihanouk (despite some family killed by Khmer Rouge)
          • Joined with KPNLF and Khmer Rouge (renounced Comm to win support of Khmer nationalists and anti-Comms) in Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CDGK) in June 1982
            • Anti-Vt forces received US aid
            • International reaction to events of Cam most important consequence of Cam invasion
    • 3. The Consequences on the international stage
      • China
        • Ch supported overthrow of Pol Pot because:
          • Traditional Ch support for KR
            • Gave them estimated $100 million worth of weapons each year during 1980s
          • USSR support for Vt (in exchange, USSR given control over Vt naval base at Cam Ranh Bay)
          • Chinese belief Vt should defer to Ch supremacy
          • Issued several warnings since 1975 against Vt expansionist ambitions
          • Sino-Vt territorial disputes over borders and Paracel and Spratly Islands
            • Most barren islands gave strategic command of South China Sea and contained great offshore  oil reserves. In 1974, Ch occupied Paracel and Vt and Phillipines each occupied several of Spratly islands.
          • Over 1 mil Vt of Chinese ethnicity ('boat people'), who fled persecution of Hanoi gov.
        • Feb 1979, Ch invaded Vt
          • Aim to teach Vt lesson for having invaded Cam (why China called war 'Punitive War'
          • Sent 33,000 ground troops to Vietnam
          • Although hampered by antiquated equipment, brief incursion destroyed 6 Vietnamese missile sites and countless bridges, roads, railways and buildings.
          • However, Vt fought well and Chinese suffered heavy casualties (numbers disputed)
          • Both sides claimed victory
          • UN criticised Ch while Soviets supported Vt
      • ASEAN response to NV
        • Est. 1967 to promote economic co-operation
        • Pro-Western members
          • Indonesia
          • Malaysia
          • The Philippines
          • Singapore
          • Thailand
        • First summit held in 1976, inspired by Communist takeover of all Indochina in 1975
        • Further worried by Vt invasion of Cam (78) and Ch invasion of Vt (79)
          • Strengthened determination to co-ordinate political and economic policies
        • Although members disagreed about Chinese threat
          • China greatest threat
            • Indonesia
            • Malaysia
            • The Phillippines
          • USSR greatest threat
            • Singapore
            • Thailand
              • ASEAN issued joint statement deploring Vt intervention in Cam and subsequently supported opponents of Heng Samrin's regime
                • Singapore
                • The Phillippines
                • Malaysia
                • Indonesia
      • US
      • Soviet
    • 4. Aftermath
      • Carter, China and Taiwan
      • Pres. Reagan and Pol Pot

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