The Suffragettes and Suffragists.

Suffragettes and Suffragists.

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  • The Suffragettes and Suffragist.s
    • The Suffragettes.
      • The WSPU was founded in 1903 by Emmiline Pankhurst and her daughters Syliva and Christabel.
      • It was more radical then the NUWSS because it was frustrated by the lack of progress. The WSPU believed in direct action.
      • It would attract so much publicity that the Government couldn't ignore it.
      • Direct action began in 1908 with breaking windows in Downing Street and chaining themselves to railings.
      • Violent protests began in 1912 with a campaign of arson and vandalism after the failed Consilliation Bill.
    • The Suffragists.
      • In 1897, the NUWSS formed and were led by Millicent Fawcett.
      • Arguably, the NUWSS was not effective because it failed to get votes for women by 1914.
      • The Suffragists managed to get Women's Suffrage bill's proposed to Parliament several times.
        • The closest one of these was the Consillation Bill, which was proposed in 1910, but was abandoned by the Liberals.
      • They also managed to keep the issue of Women's Suffrage in the public eye at a time when many MP's didn't want to consider the issue.
      • They built up an impressive membership. by 1914.
        • the NUWSS had over 400 branches and over 100,000 members.
      • They were made up of middle class women. However there were also many branches in Northern textile towns and there was a few male members of the NUWSS.
      • They used propaganda, newsletters, posters, petitions and letters to MPs, and held large rallies.
        • The Hyde Park demonstration in 1908 and the Women's Pilgrimage in June 1913.
    • How did people react to the Suffragette violence?
      • The Suffragettes didn't achieve the vote by 1914 and divided the women's movement. From 1909 onwards the two were seperated.
      • Some MPs turned against female suffrage as well as public opinion.
        • However, it meant that the issue was never forgotten.
      • Many women and men admired the suffering of the suffragettes during the hunger strikes and assault during protests.
      • WSPU campaigns were effective.
        • Leaflets and their newspaper had a circulation of 40,000 by 1914.
    • The Cat and Mouse Act.
      • Suffrage treatment in prison was harsh and many went on hunger strike.
        • The Government responded by force feeding which was painful, degrading and harmful.
      • Through hunger strikes, Suffragettes gained a lot of support and sympathy.
      • The Liberals introduced the Cat and Mouse Act in 1913.
        • This allowed hunger strikers to be released to recover then return to complete their sentence.

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