The Russian Civil War causes and consequeces
- Created by: book.of.wisdom
- Created on: 02-07-20 09:50
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- The Russian Civil War (1917 - 1922)
- Causes
- Different nationalities
- The Finns, Ukrainians and Poles wanted to create their own countries
- Led to them fighting against the Bolsheviks
- Counter-revolutionary armies were established in Siberia, Estonia and in the Ukraine
- The Finns, Ukrainians and Poles wanted to create their own countries
- Foreign countries
- Britain and France support the Whites
- They wanted Russia to remain fighting in the war against Germany
- Provided supplies for the Whites
- Sent troops into the war
- Britain, France and Japan occupied parts of Russia
- Japan wanted to expand their territory and influence
- Britain and France support the Whites
- Communist policies
- Many Russian’s opposed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- The Bolsheviks started to clash with the peasantry
- Lenin introduced Grain requisitioning so the working class and those in the Red Army
- Peasants avoided conscription and tried to hoard their grain
- Resulted in famine in Petrograd and Moscow
- Peasants avoided conscription and tried to hoard their grain
- Lenin introduced Grain requisitioning so the working class and those in the Red Army
- By 1918 Russia had become a one party state after the Ban on Factions
- Socialist Revolutionaries left coalition with Comminists
- The Czech Legion
- Created in 1917 out of Austro-Hungarian Prisoners
- Consisted of 4000 men who opposed the red Army
- The rebellion of the Czech Legion on 25th May 1918 signalled the start of the Civil War
- Hoped to create own country after Austria-Hungary had been defeted
- Created in 1917 out of Austro-Hungarian Prisoners
- The Whites
- Lenin had to make Moscow the new capital of Russia
- Because Petrograd was threatened by the Whites
- They wanted to remove the Bolsheviks from power
- Some even wanted to bring the back the Tsarist Regime
- Lenin had to make Moscow the new capital of Russia
- Different nationalities
- Consequences
- Social
- Agriculture
- Confiscation of grain
- Hoarding
- 100 kulaks hanged
- National famine 1921
- 1/5 of Russia starved
- The American Relief Association
- 1920 and 1921: droughts
- 1922: 7 million street children
- National famine 1921
- 1/5 of Russia starved
- The American Relief Association
- National famine 1921
- 1922: 7 million street children
- Agriculture
- Political
- As a Bolshevik political party was in control of Russia, they allowed other countries to also become Communist
- Thailand and China
- The Party after the war
- Tremendous growth
- 24,000 in March 1917, 732,521 in March 1921
- Committees spread all over
country
- No coordination, no chain of command
- Communist arrogance and view that communism could be willed into existence
- Tremendous growth
- The strength of opposition forced Lenin to adopt a conciliatory foreign policy with other nations
- Although, the Bolsheviks did not abandon the Comintern and the idea of world revolution
- Lenin needed to reassure Western powers that Russia was not a threat
- War Communism introduced
- Nationalisation of Industries, banks and foreign trade
- caused significant unrest so Lenin replaced it with the NEP
- Denationalising small-scale businesses and giving peasants greater freedom to sell surplus products
- Extremely beneficial
- Denationalising small-scale businesses and giving peasants greater freedom to sell surplus products
- As a Bolshevik political party was in control of Russia, they allowed other countries to also become Communist
- Economic
- Nationalisation of Industries, banks and foreign trade
- Industry and agriculture descended
- Factories, cattle, mines and machines damaged and destroyed
- By 1921: cultivated land shrunk to 62%
- Cotton production fell to 5%
- The industrial production value descended to one seventh of the value of 1913, and agriculture to one third
- Factories, cattle, mines and machines damaged and destroyed
- Economy devastated
- The exchange rate with the U.S. dollar declined from two rubles in 1914 to 1,200 in 1920
- Bartering (exchange of goods/services w/o the use of money)
- Militaristic
- Casualties
- 125 thousand Reds
- 175 thousand Whites
- 3 hundred thousand deaths
- 800,000 soldiers died in combat
- 125 thousand Reds
- Destroyed military opposition to the Bolsheviks
- Casualties
- Social
- Causes
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