the russian autocracy in 1855
- Created by: jingerb99
- Created on: 07-02-22 17:45
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- the russian autocracy in 1855
- political context
- tsar’s supporters
- church
- controlled by tsar
- closely entwined with the state
- advisers and ministers
- chosen by the tsar
- nobility
- served as provincial governors or in special committees appointed by tsar
- bureaucracy
- were paid noble officials
- riddled with corruption and incompetence
- passed orders from central government to provinces, districts and towns
- army
- absorbed around 45% of annual expenditure
- included 1.5 million conscripted serfs serving for 25 years
- police
- prevented freedom of speech, the press and travel abroad
- forbade political meetings and strikes
- enforced censorship
- church
- over 50% of russian population were serfs
- just over half were privately owned
- most worked on mir lands
- tsar’s supporters
- economic situation
- russian economy predominantly rural compared to the west
- serf-based economy, limiting forces that drive change
- wage-earners
- serfs were poor, with most surviving on own produce
- starvation was common in winter
- little opportunity for serfs to become ‘wage-earners’
- internal market demand
- goods were exchanged
- no internal market demand
- money was irrelevant
- market forces beginning to develop in some areas
- peasants sought wage-work in towns when farming was slack
- entrepreneurs
- small landowning elite largely obtained what they needed
- squeezed it out of serfs through service and feudal dues
- many landowners were in debt
- money of little use
- little incentive to seek alt ways of making money
- small landowning elite largely obtained what they needed
- wage-earners
- impact of the crimean war 1853-6
- military and administrativeinadequacies
- outdated tech
- poor transport
- inadequate leadership
- issues of having a conscripted army
- internal issues
- trade disrupted
- increase in peasant uprising
- military and administrativeinadequacies
- political context
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