The role of chromosomes and hormones EVALUATION

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  • EVALUATION A03
    • Evidence supporting
      • Influence of chromosomes on gender identity is supported in the case of David Reimer
        • Botched circumcision operation-left without a penis. .
          • Parents made aware of the psychologist John Money- theory of gender neutrality.
            • Instructed to bring up their son as a female- stereotypes (put in dresses)
              • They had very bad emotional problems - was told the truth and went back to living as a man - committed suicide 2004
      • James Dabbs et al. (1995) - in a prison population, that offenders with the highest levels of testosterone were more likely to have committed violent or sexually motivated crimes
      • Stephanie Van Goozen et al. (1995) - transgender individuals who were undergoing hormone treatment and being injected with hormones of the opposite sex.
        • Transgender women showed decreases in aggression and visuo-spacial skills whilst transgender men showed the opposite. Shows that sex hormones have some influence on gender-related behaviours
    • Contradictory evidence
      • Double blind study conducted by Ray Ticker et al. (1996), 43 males were given either a weekly injection of testosterone or a placebo.
        • No significant differences in aggression were found after the 10 week period between the 2 groups
    • Objections to pre-menstrual syndrome
      • questioned the effects of oestrogen levels on a woman's mood and object to the medical category PMS- stereotypes female experience and emotion
      • Feminist critiques (Rodin) claim that PMS is a social construction

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