Respiratory System Key Terms

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  • The Respiratory System
    • Diffusion
      • movement of gas molecules from areas of high concentration (or partial pressure) to areas of low concentration (partial pressure)
      • Alveoli are responsible for gas exchange between the lungs and the blood, this occurs via diffusion
    • Gaseous Exchange
      • Movement of oxygen from air into the blood. and CO2 from blood into the air
    • Tidal Volume
      • Volume of air breathed in or out per breath.
      • when IRV and ERV are used more, there tidal volume increases.
    • Inspiratory reserve volume
      • Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath
    • Expiratory reserve volume
      • Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath
    • Residual volume
      • Amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
    • Minute ventilation
      • Volume of air breathed in and out per minute
      • MV will increase when exercise intensity increases, more breathing will help to meet oxygen demand
    • Partial pressure
      • pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists in a mixture of gases
    • concentration/diffusion gradient
      • the difference in partial pressure, also known as the concentration gardient
      • explains how gases flow from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
      • The steeper the gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion
    • Smoking
      • smoking can damage cilia (help to move away fluids and particles)
        • Leads to smokers cough as it is more difficult to get rid of mucus
      • can lead to emphysema which is a lung disease that causes shortness of breath

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