the relationship between ownership and control of the mass media

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  • the relationship between ownership and control of the mass media
    • how are the media organisations concentrating
      • vertical integration
      • horizontal integration
      • globalisation
      • synergy
      • technology convergence
      • Bagdikin
        • 1992 = 22 corps controlled 90%, by 2004 this number decreased to 7
    • who controls the media
      • legal system
        • laws of libel = prevent untrue publications
        • equality act = forbid publications of discrimmination
        • obscene publication act = forbids publications which courts deem obscene
      • OFCOM
        • established in 2003 to regulate mass media
      • government
        • electronic surveillance
        • press conference = gov. side
    • Marxist view
      • media is manipulated by the concentrated number of owners
        • Bagdikin
          • 1992 = 22 corps controlled 90%, by 2004 this number decreased to 7
      • Ralph Milliband
        • mass media is the new opium of the people
      • believe the media audience is passive and easily manipulated
      • Curran & Seaton
        • found evidence showing the media interfered with newspaper content and manipulation
        • E.G. Murdock & Iraq war
      • Tunstall & Palmer
        • gov is no longer interested in controlling media. Rather they offer regulatory favors in return for support
    • Neo-Marxist view
      • media is a tool to transmit dominant ideology
        • Marxist view
          • media is manipulated by the concentrated number of owners
            • Ralph Milliband
              • mass media is the new opium of the people
            • believe the media audience is passive and easily manipulated
            • Curran & Seaton
              • found evidence showing the media interfered with newspaper content and manipulation
              • E.G. Murdock & Iraq war
            • Tunstall & Palmer
              • gov is no longer interested in controlling media. Rather they offer regulatory favors in return for support
        • Althusser
          • Media = ISA
        • media owners have less direct influence as they can delegate to managers with same ideologies
        • support for the dominant ideology could be due to agenda setting and gate keeping
          • Philo
            • found the media only broadcasts 3 main political solutions (AS) and ignore other avenues (GK)
      • Pluralist approach
        • argue media is driven by profits
        • content is decided via consumer choice, media must respond to audience otherwise it'll go out of business
        • believe media is mostly free from government control and direct ownership
        • they believe that media companies are free to present any views
    • government
      • electronic surveillance
      • press conference = gov. side

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