The Problem of Evil

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  • Created by: mariam26
  • Created on: 20-02-20 19:18
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  • The Problem of Evil (Philosophers + Theories)
    • Epicurus
      • Ancient Greek philosopher who founded Epicureanism
      • EPICUREAN PARADOX
        • "Is God willing, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God."
      • First to question the Problem of Evil
    • J.L. Mackie
      • 20th Century Australian Philosopher
      • THE INCONSISTE- NT TRIAD
        • Mackie's formula for the Problem of Evil
        • Mackie gave the following three propositions:God is omnipotent God is omnibenevole-nt                Evil exists
          • Mackie argued that these propositions were inconsistent, and thus, that at least one of these propositions must be false
    • St. Augustine
      • 4th Century
      • AUGUSTINE'S THEODICY (soul-deciding theodicy)
        • 1) God is perfect + God created the world = God created a perfect world
          • ORIGINAL PERFECTION
        • 2) "Evil is not a thing in itself, but the absence of good."
          • Also known as a PRIVATION OF GOOD
        • 3) The sin Adam and Eve destroyed the state of perfection
          • THE FALL OF MAN
    • St. Irenaeus
      • 2nd Century   Bishop of Lyons
    • John Hick
      • English Philosopher (1922 - 2012)
      • CREATED A VERSION OF THE IRENAEAN THEODICY
        • God created us with an EPISTEMIC DISTANCE
          • A gap in our knowledge that allows us to come to our own rational conclusions
        • If God intervenes then this would undermine human freedom
        • ISTRUMENT-AL GOOD
          • Good is an instrument to show God - Soul Making
        • FREEDOM + KNOWLEDGE
          • God doesn't know everything we do - NOT PREDERTMINED
        • UNIVERSAL SALVATION
          • Not everyone goes to Heaven - people are given the opportunity to repent
    • Richard Swinburne
      • English Philosopher
      • DIDACTIC EVIL
        • Natural Evil is necessary so we know/learn not to do something
          • Future people need this knowledge
        • Examples
          • Real COMPASSION = Real PAIN
          • Real GENEROSITY = Real POVERTY
          • Real SELFLESSNESS = Real CORRUPTION
    • D.Z. Phillips
      • OBJECTIONS TO SOUL-MAKING THEODICES
        • You shouldn't use evil as an instrument or an end to an means
        • Evil should not have a purpose
        • We can't read God's mind and therefore can't deduce why God has permitted evil
      • Welsh Philosopher 1934 - 2006

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