The problem of evil

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  • The problem of evil
    • Notable philosophers
      • Epicuras 341-270 bc
        • "Is god willing but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both and willing? Then Whence cometh evil? Is he neither willing nor able? Then why call him god?
      • J.L Mackie- an Australian philosopher
        • The inconsistent triad
          • "Is god willing but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both and willing? Then Whence cometh evil? Is he neither willing nor able? Then why call him god?
    • The logical problem of evil
      • Deductive argument
        • Advantage is: if all of the premises are true then we have to accept the conclusion Disadvantage is: If any of the premises are false, the argument fails
      • Premise 1: Evil and suffering exist
        • Premise 2: God is all loving and all powerful
          • Premise 3: An all loving, all powerful god would remove evil and suffering
            • Conclusion: God does not exist
          • Can be disproved: Deism believe in an impersonal god so doesn't have loving qualities and Zoroastrianism do not believe god is omnipotent.
        • Can be disproved: evil is the absence of good
    • Theodicies: attempts to justify god
      • Irenaeus, who lived before augustine
        • 'Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness'
          • Although god could've made us perfectly, he believes that hardship helps us to evolve into perfect humans
            • Why didn't he just make us perfect in the first place?
              • If this was the case, our morals wouldn't mean any thing and our love for god would be robotic or machine like, thus not meaning anything.
                • Many moral virtues are only possible in an imperfect world.
        • Although god could've made us perfectly, he believes that hardship helps us to evolve into perfect humans
          • Why didn't he just make us perfect in the first place?
            • If this was the case, our morals wouldn't mean any thing and our love for god would be robotic or machine like, thus not meaning anything.
              • Many moral virtues are only possible in an imperfect world.
        • John hick, a modern day philosopher furthered this theodicy
          • He coined the phrase 'soul making' to describe the process of moral growth.
      • The freewll defence
        • God created humans so they could respond in love, faithfulness or obedience to him.
          • In order to do this, they need true free will
            • Richard Swinburne: key proponent
              • The less god allows men to bring about large scale horrors, the less freedom and responsibility he gives them'
          • The necessary consequence of this is a world with both GOOD and EVIL.

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