Periodic Table and Energy 3

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  • Created by: GummyBear
  • Created on: 14-03-17 19:05
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  • THE PERIODIC TABLE AND ENERGY
    • GROUP 7 - THE HALOGENS
      • STATES AND COLOURS (room temperature)
        • Chlorine = gas, pale yellow/green, and green vapour
        • Bromine = liquid, brown/red and orange/brown vapour
        • Iodine = solid, grey/black and purple (violet) vapour
      • TESTING FOR HALIDE IONS
        • Addition of AgNO3 (aq), dilute NH3 (aq) and concentrated NH3 (aq)
        • Chloride = white precipitate, and precipitate dissolves with dilute NH3
          • KCL(aq) + AgNO3(aq) = AgCL(s) + KNO3(aq)
        • Bromide = cream precipitate, no change with dilute NH3, precipitate dissolves with concentrated NH3
          • KBr(aq) + AgNO3(aq) = AgBr (s) + KNO3(aq)
        • Iodide = pale yellow precipitate, no change wit dilute or concentrate NH3
          • KI(aq) + AgNO3(aq) = AgI(s) + KNO3(aq)
      • Use of Chlorine in water treatment
        • ADVANTAGES
          • Kills deadly microorganisms e.g. Cholera
          • Keeps water pipes free of bacteria
        • DISADVANTAGES
          • The reactions of chlorine with organic compounds in the water produce THM's - e.g. cancer causing carcinogens
          • Chlorine itself is toxic in large volumes
      • TRENDS IN MELTING AND BOILING POINTS
        • INCREASE DOWN THE GROUP - more electrons so stronger London dispersion forces between molecules so more energy is required to overcome them
        • LONDON DISPERSION FORCES
          • Uneven distribution of electrons causes a instantaneous dipole, this causes an induced dipole in surrounding molecules, therefroe creating a weak attractrion between moleucles
      • REACTIVITY DECREASES DOWN THE GROUP
    • GROUP 7 - THE HALOGEN
      • HALOGEN DISPLACEMENTS
        • Chlorine + Potassium Iodide - pink colour of I2
          • Cl2 + 2KI = 2KCl + I2
        • Bromine + Potassium iodide - Pink colour of I2
          • Br2+ 2KI = 2KBr + I2

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