Middle Ages
- Created by: lyds1
- Created on: 01-06-18 12:29
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- The Middle Ages c1250-c1500
- Supernatural + Religious Ideas
- God + cause of disease
- God made people ill because he was testing their faith or was displeased with them
- this belief held back medical research so few new ideas for cause of disease
- Astrology
- alignment of the planets/stars cause some disease
- help diagnosis of patients
- not new idea but did increase in this period
- alignment of the planets/stars cause some disease
- Church control
- centre of formal learning
- set up and ran universities- physicians trained
- discouraged dissection + any form of challenging authority
- monks + priests could read + write so in charge of what people read
- books in monasteries mostly
- promoted Galen's ideas- his theories fitted Christian beliefs (soul + God created body)
- hospitals housed in monasteries + nunneries
- God + cause of disease
- Rational explanation for disease
- Four Humours
- Ancient Greek
- Cause of disease when humours become unbalanced in body- blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile
- put this balance right to cure disease
- Theory of opposites
- Galen developed Four Humours idea further
- if you had symptoms relating to cold then eat some hot pepper etc
- Galen
- his books were basis of medical training in Middle Ages
- developed Hippocrates' ideas
- mainly used bloodletting, purging
- drew detailed anatomy diagrams- knowledge from operating on gladiator wounds + dissections on dead bodies (most animal)
- Galen developed Four Humours idea further
- Hippocrates
- influential in Medieval times and beyond
- dismissed idea that God caused disease
- believed in physical reason so physical cure
- treatment based on diet, exercise, rest, bleeding + purging
- clinical observation still used today
- Miasma
- bad air caused disease
- related to God
- bad smell indicated sin
- Four Humours
- Prevention + Treatment
- connection with Four Humours
- bloodletting
- cut a vein
- leeches
- done by barber surgeon or non medical people
- occasionally physicians
- purging
- making patient vomit or go to the toilet
- emetics + laxatives mixed by apothecaries, women or at home
- physicians prescribed treatment or gave enemas
- bloodletting
- Methods to prevent illnesses
- religious + supernatural
- carry lucky charms/ amulets
- self punishment- flagellation
- chanting incantations
- living Church life
- rational
- bathing + washing
- exercising
- not overeating
- purifying air
- keep streets clean
- religious + supernatural
- Religious Treatment
- praying
- pilgrimages
- fasting
- Traditional remedies
- made with herbs which were drunk , sniffed or bathed in
- also different foods to rebalance humours
- ointments to apply to skin
- made at home or mixed + sold by apothecaries
- Supernatural treament
- specific for certain illnesses
- e.g. hanging magpies beak around neck to cure toothache
- connection with Four Humours
- Caring for the sick
- barber surgeons
- no training
- did bloodletting, pulling teeth, lancing boils, cut hair
- basic surgery- amputations
- cost less than physician
- care in home
- female family member
- most people treated at home
- wise women
- apothecries
- no medical qual but did get training
- mix meds + ointments
- cost less than physician
- physicians
- medically trained at uni + passed exam
- diagnosed illness, gave treatment, sent patient to apothecaries or barber surgeon
- expensive
- V few of them
- observed patient's symptoms, checked skin, pulse + urine
- consult urine charts
- consult zodiac chart- diagnose + best time to treat patient
- Hospitals
- placed where travellers/ pilgrims stayed
- no. increased
- people with infectious disease not admitted
- run by Church- focus on God + healing souls
- some built for specific infectious disease
- kept v clean
- fresh food, plenty of rest
- place of recuperation
- barber surgeons
- The Black death, 1348-9
- bubonic plague carried by fleas on black rats
- disease enters blood when bitten
- swelling on lymph glands with pus, fever + chills, headache, vomit, diarrhoea, ab pain
- pray, hold lucky charms, eating cold thing, cold baths, bread against buboes then bury it , cut open buboes
- causes: punishment from God, position of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn unusual, miasma, volcanoes- poisonous gases, 4 humours- inbalance, witches/ strangers
- avoid: pray, clear rubbish, smell bad smells, light fires in room, ring bells, birds- keep air moving, carry herbs, not letting unknown people in village
- bubonic plague carried by fleas on black rats
- Supernatural + Religious Ideas
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