The Long Reformation: Catholic - Conclusions
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 24-05-18 16:24
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- The Long Reformation: Catholic - Conclusions
- Catholic Church remained numerically dominant in Europe and manged to reclaim many lost faithful
- not least as result of Habsburg successes in Thirty Years War
- Council of Trent
- Reaffirmed power of Papacy
- Confirmed Catholic tenets of faith
- Rejected Protestant theology
- Limitations
- Placed episcopal reform as fulcrum of its reform policies
- thus reaffirmed the medieval pyramidic hierarchy that positioned papal authority at its apex
- Rome no longer received unanimous deference
- thus reaffirmed the medieval pyramidic hierarchy that positioned papal authority at its apex
- Placed episcopal reform as fulcrum of its reform policies
- Style and substance of Catholicism
- Would remain Tridentine until Second Vatican Council of mid-C20th
- New orders
- Promoted rigorous devotion for clergy and laity alike
- Mystic visionaries
- e.g. Spanish nun, Teresa of Avila (1515-82), author of famous religious autobiography
- Provided inspiring examples of inner life of the spirit
- Limitations
- Rome no longer received unanimous deference
- In Spain
- Bishops were often crown officials
- new directions to episcopate were opposed by Philip II and his lawyers as intrusion into crown autonomy
- Papal authority less than absolute in France
- Gallican liberties had long allowed crown to appoint to episcopal office
- In Spain
- Delumeau and other historians view
- Catholic Reformation as unprecedented campaign of mass indoctrination, a reform of 'popular religion' as dramatic as that of the Protestant Reformation
- Forster and other historians view Catholic Reformation
- much slower and uncertain process, in which crucial reforms like establishment of diocesan seminaries were frequently long delayed, and in which local communities accepted reforms in an often selective way
- Rome no longer received unanimous deference
- Extent to which Catholic laity ever became fully 'Tridentized' is open to question
- unorthodox fol beliefs (e.g. about fairies) persisted alongside official Catholicism in parts of rural Spain, Italy, and Ireland into modern times
- just as elements of non-Christian belief were absorbed into popular Catholicism of New World
- unorthodox fol beliefs (e.g. about fairies) persisted alongside official Catholicism in parts of rural Spain, Italy, and Ireland into modern times
- Debate over nomenclature? Was this a Counter- or Catholic Reformation?
- A. G. Dickens
- quite obviously both
- John O'Malley
- developments within his argument
- we should unjudgementally term 'early modern Catholicism' are not just matter of narrow ecclesiastical history
- They were transformative of politics and culture of Europe as well as of wider world
- A. G. Dickens
- Catholic Church remained numerically dominant in Europe and manged to reclaim many lost faithful
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