The Long Reformation Catholic I - Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation?
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 23-05-18 17:12
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- The Long Reformation Catholic I - Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation? (According to Anne Gerritsen, Kevin Gould and Peter Marshall)
- Worries of Catholic Church
- Deeply troubled by extent of Protestant successes in first half of C16th
- By around 1550, Protestantism looked unstoppable
- seemingly victorious in Germany, Scandinavia and England
- Made serious inroads into France and Netherlands
- By end of C16th and early C17th
- Catholic Church was resurgent
- Headed by revitalised papacy
- Its doctrine and practices redefined and its hierarchy subordinate to Rome
- Transformation was forged in extraordinary general council of Church and implemented by its champions
- an invigorated episcopacy and new religious orders
- Swaths of land and countless souls lost to Protestantism during early Reformation period were regained by pious, disciplined and militant Catholicism during C17th and C18th
- New worlds were targeted by missionaries eager to export 'true faith' across the globe
- According to O'Malley
- Whether Catholic revival was direct response to Protestant expansion or instead culmination of centuries of internal reform is often debated
- C19th German Lutheran historian, Leopold von Ranke
- Popularised influential expression 'Counter Reformation' to express supposedly negative and reactionary character of Catholic policy in these years
- Recent historiography has noted:
- Calls for a reformatio ecclesiae (reformation of Church and in head and members) had been routine in late medieval period
- Worries of Catholic Church
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