The Liver
- Created by: KayshaN
- Created on: 29-10-17 16:19
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- The Liver
- Excretion
- carbon dioxide
- bile pigments
- Nitrogenous waste- urea
- Structure
- Cells simple in appearance
- Hepatocytes
- secrete bile into spaces called canaliculi, drains into bile ducts - gall bladder
- Hepatocytes
- Blood from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein mixed in sinusoids
- surrounded by hepatocytes
- Increases Oxygen content in blood of hepatic portal vein
- Supplying hepatocytes
- Sinusoids contain Kupffer cells
- Resident macrophages
- ingest foreign particles & help protect against disease
- Resident macrophages
- Cells simple in appearance
- Functions
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- hepatocytes involved in the control of glucose levels
- when blood glucose levels rise, insulin levels rise
- stimulate hepatocytes to convert glucose to storage glucagon
- when blood sugar falls, hepatocytes convert glucagon back to glucose
- hormones glucagon
- hepatocytes involved in the control of glucose levels
- when blood glucose levels rise, insulin levels rise
- stimulate hepatocytes to convert glucose to storage glucagon
- when blood sugar falls, hepatocytes convert glucagon back to glucose
- hormones glucagon
- hormones glucagon
- when blood sugar falls, hepatocytes convert glucagon back to glucose
- stimulate hepatocytes to convert glucose to storage glucagon
- when blood glucose levels rise, insulin levels rise
- hepatocytes involved in the control of glucose levels
- hormones glucagon
- when blood sugar falls, hepatocytes convert glucagon back to glucose
- stimulate hepatocytes to convert glucose to storage glucagon
- when blood glucose levels rise, insulin levels rise
- hepatocytes involved in the control of glucose levels
- Deamination of excess amino acids
- removal of the amine group from molecules
- body cant store amino acids or proteins, any excess would be excreted therefore wasted if not for hepatocytes
- remove amino group, convert to ammonia and then urea
- urea excreted, remainder of amino acid used in cellular respiration or lipids for storage
- remove amino group, convert to ammonia and then urea
- body cant store amino acids or proteins, any excess would be excreted therefore wasted if not for hepatocytes
- removal of the amine group from molecules
- Detoxification
- levels of toxin in body always increase e.g. metabolic processes or alcohol
- one example: hydrogen peroxide
- hepatocytes contain catalase, splits it into oxygen and water
- one example: hydrogen peroxide
- Another example: ethanol
- Hepatocytes contain alcohol dehydrogenase
- to ethanal
- to ethanoate
- to ethanal
- Hepatocytes contain alcohol dehydrogenase
- levels of toxin in body always increase e.g. metabolic processes or alcohol
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Excretion
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