The Biological Approach - the influence of neurochemistry on behaviour
- Created by: pavankhosa
- Created on: 07-01-17 02:04
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- Influence of biological structures + neurochemistry on behaviour
- neurotransmitters
- types of neurotransmitter
- excitatory neurotransmitters
- e.g. dopamine - associated with our motivation
- trigger nerve impulses in the receiving neuron + stimulate the brain into action
- inhibitory neurotransmitters
- inhibit nerve impulses in order to calm the brain + balance mood
- e.g. serotonin - adequate amounts of which are necessary to maintain a stable mood
- Crockett (2008) found that when serotonin levels are low, people tend to display increased aggression
- excitatory neurotransmitters
- when a nerve impulse reaches the end of one neuron, a neurotransmitter is released
- travels from one neuron to the next across a junction (synapse)
- some neurotransmitters trigger the receiving neuron to send an impulse
- some stop the receiving neuron from sending an impulse
- types of neurotransmitter
- hormones
- chemicals that are produced by endocrine glands
- glands make up the endocrine system
- e.g. pituitary gland
- in response to a signal from the brain
- hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands
- they travel to their 'target cells' + exert their influence by stimulating receptors on the surface of/inside cells
- hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands
- example: Carre (2006) studied a Canadian ice hockey team over the course of a season
- whenever the team played in their home stadium
- testosterone energised the players to defend their home territory
- surge in levels of the hormone testosterone
- whenever the team played in their home stadium
- chemicals that are produced by endocrine glands
- the brain
- cerebrum
- largest part of the brain
- makes up about 85% of the brain's total mass
- outer surface = cerebral cortex
- responsible for many of the 'higher-order- functions
- thought
- language
- responsible for many of the 'higher-order- functions
- divided into two halves (hemispheres)
- each hemisphere further divided into four different parts (lobes)
- cerebrum
- neurons and the nervous system
- the nervous system is made up of several connected systems
- the CNS consists o the brain + spinal cord
- the PNS (peripheral nervous system)
- somatic nervous system
- autonomic nervous systems
- job of the nervous system
- carry messages from one part of the body to another using neurons
- neurons
- transmit nerve impulses in the form of electrical signals
- individual nerve cells
- many aspects of behaviour are under neuronal control
- sexual behaviour
- breathing
- eating
- the nervous system is made up of several connected systems
- neurotransmitters
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