The Increasing Scale and Pace of Economic Migration in an Interconnected World
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- Created on: 24-08-17 16:34
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- The Increasing Scale and Pace of Economic Migration in an Interconnecte-d World
- Migration Facts
- 750 million internal migrants lived around the world in 2013
- Global urbanisation passed 50% in 2008
- 250 million international migrants
- In 2014, 14 million refugees were forced from their homes
- By 2050, 75% of us will be city-dwellers
- Causes of Rural-Urban Migration
- Urban Pull Factors
- Employment
- TNCs offer a range of work opportunities with their companies or supply chain
- Hope of promotion and advancement into professional roles
- Better schooling and healthcare
- Rural Push Factors
- Poverty
- Population growth means that there are not enough jobs
- Land reforms
- Agricultural modernisation reduces the need for rural labour
- Resource scarcity
- Conflict
- "Shrinking World" Technology
- Rural dwellers are gaining knowledge of the outside world and its opportunities
- Successful migrants communicate useful information and advice
- Transport improvements
- Urban Pull Factors
- The Three Types of Population Movement that have Led to the Growth of Global Hubs
- Elite International Migrants
- Highly skilled and socially influential individuals
- Wealth derives from their profession or inherited assets
- Elite migrants tend to have multiple homes
- Low-waged International Migrants
- Drawn to global hubs
- Legal and illegal immigrants working for low pay
- Internal Migration
- Main driver of city growth
- Elite International Migrants
- Global Hubs
- A settlement or region that has become a focal point for activities with global influence
- Trade
- Business
- International governance
- Education and research
- Recognised for its influence rather than its population size
- A settlement or region that has become a focal point for activities with global influence
- Costs and Benefits of Migration for Source Country
- Costs
- Loss of a generation schooled at the government's expense
- Reduced economic growth as consumption falls
- Increase in aged dependents
- Closure of some university courses due to lack of interest
- Benefits
- Remittances can contribute to national earnings
- Less public spending on housing and health
- Migrants may return and bring new skills
- Government spending costs are transferred to the host region
- Costs
- Costs and Benefits of Migration for Host Country
- Costs
- Social tensions arise if citizens of host country believe migration has caused a lack of jobs or affordable housing
- Political parties changed policies to address public concerns on migration
- Local shortages of primary school places
- New markets can develop for ethnic food
- Benefits
- Fills skills shortages
- Migrants are willing to do unpopular labouring work
- Some migrants are entrepreneurs who establish new businesses
- Costs
- Interdependence
- Areas become dependent on the economic benefit of migrants
- The UK economy is dependent on Eastern European labour
- Eastern Europe is dependent on migrant remittances
- Social and political ties between two countries can be strengthened by migration
- Migration Facts
- How to Sustain a Megacity
- Environment-al Sustainability
- Water pollution from untreated sewage
- Air pollution from industry and exhausts
- Smog
- The Increasing Scale and Pace of Economic Migration in an Interconnecte-d World
- Migration Facts
- 750 million internal migrants lived around the world in 2013
- Global urbanisation passed 50% in 2008
- 250 million international migrants
- In 2014, 14 million refugees were forced from their homes
- By 2050, 75% of us will be city-dwellers
- Causes of Rural-Urban Migration
- Urban Pull Factors
- Employment
- TNCs offer a range of work opportunities with their companies or supply chain
- Hope of promotion and advancement into professional roles
- Better schooling and healthcare
- Rural Push Factors
- Poverty
- Population growth means that there are not enough jobs
- Land reforms
- Agricultural modernisation reduces the need for rural labour
- Resource scarcity
- Conflict
- "Shrinking World" Technology
- Rural dwellers are gaining knowledge of the outside world and its opportunities
- Successful migrants communicate useful information and advice
- Transport improvements
- Urban Pull Factors
- The Three Types of Population Movement that have Led to the Growth of Global Hubs
- Elite International Migrants
- Highly skilled and socially influential individuals
- Wealth derives from their profession or inherited assets
- Elite migrants tend to have multiple homes
- Low-waged International Migrants
- Drawn to global hubs
- Legal and illegal immigrants working for low pay
- Internal Migration
- Main driver of city growth
- Elite International Migrants
- Global Hubs
- A settlement or region that has become a focal point for activities with global influence
- Trade
- Business
- International governance
- Education and research
- Recognised for its influence rather than its population size
- A settlement or region that has become a focal point for activities with global influence
- Costs and Benefits of Migration for Source Country
- Costs
- Loss of a generation schooled at the government's expense
- Reduced economic growth as consumption falls
- Increase in aged dependents
- Closure of some university courses due to lack of interest
- Benefits
- Remittances can contribute to national earnings
- Less public spending on housing and health
- Migrants may return and bring new skills
- Government spending costs are transferred to the host region
- Costs
- Costs and Benefits of Migration for Host Country
- Costs
- Social tensions arise if citizens of host country believe migration has caused a lack of jobs or affordable housing
- Political parties changed policies to address public concerns on migration
- Local shortages of primary school places
- New markets can develop for ethnic food
- Benefits
- Fills skills shortages
- Migrants are willing to do unpopular labouring work
- Some migrants are entrepreneurs who establish new businesses
- Costs
- Interdependence
- Areas become dependent on the economic benefit of migrants
- The UK economy is dependent on Eastern European labour
- Eastern Europe is dependent on migrant remittances
- Social and political ties between two countries can be strengthened by migration
- Migration Facts
- Social Sustainability
- Provision of adequate urban housing, healthcare and education
- Mass migration
- Regulate the housing market to make affordable housing available for low-income groups
- Employment
- Environment-al Sustainability
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